篇一：按要求改写句子(完)
按要求改写句子：（50题）
1.. Liu Hua usually gets on line on Sundays.（改为一般疑问句）
2. Mary is wearing a beautiful skirt.（改为感叹句）
3. My brother is so young that he can’t go to school.（同义句转换）
4. My friend spent a few weeks in making that machine last year.（同义句转换） （对划线部分提问）
6．Mary does her homework at home.（改为否定句）
7. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.（变为被动语态） 对划线部分强调)
9. This is my book.（改为复数形式） （对划线部分提问）
11. You sent me a present. I thank you very much for it.(合并为一个复合句)
12. As soon as the picnic baskets were unpacked, it began to rain.(用No sooner…than改写)
13. It is still believed in some countries that the earth is flat.(用“名词+同位语从句”改写)
14. Jane lived away from her children so that she could get some peace.(改为同义句)
15. We planned to show the film in the open air. The bad weather ruined our plan.（用不定式形式改写句子）
16. He was thoughtful to bring us the raincoat. (用 of+sb.+to do 或 for+sb.+to do 改写句子)
17. They will go on a group tour. They believe it is cheaper to do so.( 用v.+it+adj.+to do形式改写句子)
18. The rice which grows in this area is of a special kind.( 用分词短语改写句子)
19. He prayed silently and his eyes were closed. ( 用分词短语改写句子)
20. Tom fell ill. He had eaten too much ice-cream. ( 用动名词短语改写句子)
21.She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp. （合并为定语从句）
22.Jane lived away from her children so that she could get some peace. （用不定式形式改写句子）
23. Here are some articles that you are to translate. （用不定式形式改写句子）
24. Professor Robinson was a teacher. He found that reward. ( 用v.+it+adj.+to do形式改写句子)
25. The cars that are parked in the fire lane will be ticketed. （用分词短语改写句子）
26. As the secretary was away, Mr Green had to type his final grade. ( 用分词短语改写句子)
27.A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow. ( 用分词短语改写句子)
28.As soon as the picnic baskets were unpacked, it began to rain.(用No sooner…than改写) 对划线部分提问)
30.I’ll give you all necessary information. （改为被动句）
31.Fire destroyed much of London in the 17th century. （改为被动句）
32.They are pulling down the old theatre. （改为被动句）
33.You can find answers to the exercises in the Teacher’s Book. （改为被动句）
34. My father has breakfast at 8 every day.(改为一般疑问句)
35. The boy is too young to go to school.(改为同义句)
36.We found all our seats occupied. （改为被动句）
37.Are there any children in the garden?(改为单数形式)
38. This is my book. (改为复数形式) . (对划线部分提问)
40.Bob showed me an easier way to do the experiment. （改为被动句）
41. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句） （对划线部分提问）
43. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening. （改为一般疑问句）
44. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句） （对划线部分提问）
46 The moon is shining brightly. （改为感叹句） （对划线部分提问）
48.The box is so heavy. I can’t lift it. (改为同义句)
give her more responsibility. (用分词短语替换划线部分)
(用分词短语替换划线部分)
答案：
1. Does Li Hua usually get on line on Sunday？
2. What a beautiful skirt Mary is wearing!
3. My brother is too young to go to school.
4. It took my friend a few weeks to make that machine last year.
5.Who is going to read the next lesson this evening.
6. Mary does not do her homework at home.
7. Her children are told a story at bed time. Or: A story is told to her children at bed
8. It was by the end of last week that we had learned five English songs.
9. Those are our books.
10. How long have the twins stayed with their grandparents?
11.( I )Thank you very much for the present (which/that) you sent me..
12.No sooner had the picnic baskets been unpacked than it began to rain.
13. The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.
14. Jane lived away from her children to get some peace.(or: Jane lived away from her children in order to get some peace. Or: Jane lived away from her children so as to get some peace.)
15. The bad weather ruined our plan to show the film in the open air.
16. It was thoughtful of him to bring us the raincoat.
17. They believe it cheaper to go on a group tour..
18. The rice growing in this area is of a special kind.
19. He prayed silently ,(with) his eyes closed.
20. Eating too much ice-cream made Tom ill.
21.She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
22.Jane lived away from her children to/in order to/so as to get some peace.
23. Here are some articles for you to translate.
24. Professor Robinson found it rewarding to be a teacher.
25. The cars parked in the fire lane will be ticketed.
26.The secretary being away, Mr Green had to type his final grade.
27.A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
28.No sooner had the picnic baskets been unpacked than it began to rain.
29 Who is going to read the next lesson this evening?
30.All necessary information will be given to you . (or: You will be given all necessary information . )
31.Much of London was destroyed by fire in the 17th century.
32.The old theatre is being pulled down.
33.Answers to the exercises can be found in the Teacher’s Book.
34 Does my father have breakfast at 8 every day?
35. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. (or: The boy is not old enough to go to school.)
36. All our seats were found occupied.
37.Is there child in the garden?
38. These are my books.
39. Whom did my father speak with yesterday?
40.I was shown the easier way to do the experiment. Or: An easier way to do the experiment was shown to me.
41. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth.
42. How long have they lived here?
43. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?
44. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!
45 How often does this magazine come out?
46 How brightly the moon is shining!
47.Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
48.The box is too heavy to lift.
49.Having worked with that technician before, we were reluctant to give her more responsibility.
50.Very slowly he pulled himself to his feet, using the table as an aid.
79. Bob showed me an easier way to do the experiment.（改为被动句）
80. I’ll give you all necessary information. （改为被动句）
81. Fire destroyed much of London in the 17th century. （改为被动句）
82.They are pulling down the old theatre. （改为被动句）
83.You can find answers to the exercises in the Teacher’s Book. （改为被动句）
84.Two storms have hit the area in the past three weeks. （改为被动句）
答案：
79. I was shown the easier way to do the experiment. Or: An easier way to do the experiment was shown to me.
80. All necessary information will be given to you.（or: You will be given all necessary information.）
81.Much of London was destroyed by fire in the17 th century.
82.The old theatre is being pulled down.
83. Answers to the exercises can be found in the Teacher’s Book.
84. The area has been hit by two storms in the past three weeks.
71. You sent me a present. I thank you very much for it.
(combine one sentence)
72.He admires Tom. This surprises me.
(combine one sentence)
give her more
(change underlined part into a participle phrase)
(change underlined part into a participle phrase) (change underlined part into a participle phrase)
76.The doctor didn’(change the underlined part into an infinitive phrase)
77.Cliff is a doctor. He finds his job rewarding.
(using “v.+it+adj./n.+infinitive”)
78.Tom often smokes while eating.His friends consider it is bad manner.
(using “v.+it+adj./n.+infinitive”)
79.The box is so heavy. I can’t lift it.
(using “too…to”)
(change underlined part into a participle phrase)
答案：
71. Thank you very much for the present( that) you sent me.
72.He admires Tom, which surprises me.
73.Having worked with that technician before, we were reluctant to give her more responsibility.
74.Very slowly he pulled himself to his feet, using the table as an aid.
75.(If) the weather permitting, the rock concert will be given in the open air.
76.The doctor didn’t undertake for them to cure the rare disease
77.Cliff finds it rewarding to be a doctor.
78. Tom’s friends consider it bad manner for him to smoke while eating.
79.The box is too heavy to lift.
80.The cars parked in the fire lane will be ticketed.
71. Tom’s leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match in a wheelchair. (combine one sentence)
72.I have just got a letter from my sister. The letter is full of interesting news. (combine one sentence)
73.In hospital they wake patients at 6 a.m. This is much too early.
(combine one sentence)
(change underlined part into a participle phrase)
the hotel manager required all customers to leave their rooms head for the nearest exit.
(change underlined part into a participle phrase) (change the underlined part into an infinitive phrase)
’t have the right to do so.
篇二：分词在句子中的用法(新托福写作 )
第三次课： 分词在句子中的用法
教学目标： 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词
教学内容：
一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解
二、分词
现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为谓语，现在分词和be 一起构成进行时；过去分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成时。
例如：
I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。（现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。）
Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。（过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。）
The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。（过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。）
作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。
过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。
例如：
Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again.) 他失败了三次，不想再干了。（having failed 表示发生在前的动作）
Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe?) 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候，看见沙上有人的脚印。（walking 表示同时发生的动作）
The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important.) 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。
The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。（gone 表示完成的状态）
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（cut 是及物动词的过去分词，表示“被人理发”。） 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。
例如：
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
（一）现在分词和过去分词的区别
（1）在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物的行为；及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之，现在分词是它修饰
的成分所作出的动作，过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
例如：
convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众
the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级
a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗
driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮
（2）在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。
例如：
the rising sun (正在升起的太阳) / the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the falling rain（正在下的雨）/ the fallen leaves（落下的树叶）
stolen money（被盗的钱/偷来的钱）/ill-gotten wealth（不义之财）
a high-flying kite（高飞的风筝）
再看一些例子：
boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们
（2）在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。
再看一些例子：
surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到)高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪
（3）做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感到如何”。
例如：
His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。
We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。
The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。
常用的还有：amusing/amused，astonishing/astonished，disappointing/disappointed，exciting/excited，frightening/frightened，interesting interested，moving/moved， relaxing/relaxed，satisfying/satisfied，shocking/shocked，surprising/surprised，terrifying/terrified，tiring/tired，worrying/worried等等。
（4）做状语的区别，分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
例如：
Seeing nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义，几乎同时)
The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚，给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义，同时)
Tired of the noise，he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦，所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义，
在谓语之前)
Deeply moved，she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动，再三谢我。(被动意义，在谓语之前)
Persuade by my mother，she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下，她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义，在谓语之前)
如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，现在分词要用完成形式，但意思仍然是主动的。 例如：
Having watered the vegetables，they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables，they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work，he packed his tools and left。完工后，他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时，前面可用连词或介词。
例如：
After eating my dinner quickly，I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War，the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的，这引擎仍然处于良好状态。
Unless paying by credit card，please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款，请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事，除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后，她大变了。
（二）用法
1．作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如：
This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。)这是一本有趣的书。
There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。)消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。)靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。)那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?)唱歌的学生多数是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?)被问的许多村里人都拒绝。
注意：（1）分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：
分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系，而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。
现在分词 动名词
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping)正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping)卧车
A flying bird(a bird that is flying)飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying)飞行课程
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming)游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming)游泳池
The running water(the water that is running)流水 The running track(the track for running)跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读，动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。
（2）现在分词作定语时，它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生)。
例如：
Who is the boy dancing over there？在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。
如果两个动作在时间上有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如：
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。
（3）be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词)。表示这种概念时，也用主从复合句结构。
例如：
He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
例如：
Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。 (时间)
Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间)
Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因)
Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。) 他是个学生，所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因)
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞，决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因) The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式)
The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，许多学生围着他。(行为方式)
While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看报时，父亲不时地点头。(时间)(分词前，可加表示时间的连词while或when。)
3、作宾语补足语。
例如：
Can you get the machine going again？你能使机器再动起来吗？
You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。
4、作表语。
例如：
The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。
5、作句子独立成分（分词有自己的逻辑主语时，称为独立主格结构。）
例如：
Flags flying，the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬，军队在街上行进。
All his ribs broken，he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断，半死不活地躺着。
分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它们之间是主动关系)
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系)
We explored the caves，Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险，彼得做向导。 (独立主格) The train having gone，we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如：
误：Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it。
正：He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
注意：（1）分词作状语时，逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如：
Looking out of the window，I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window，I saw lots of people there。)
我往窗外一看，看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语I。)
（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示(强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如：
We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时，看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验)
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间，看见老师正存做实验)
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间，打开抽屉，拿出一份文件，拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时，用动词不定式。
篇三：改写句子
按要求改写句子知识点梳理
一、概述
按要求改写句子主要考查学生对句子结构的掌握以及用不同句型表达同一意思的能力。考查所涉及到的句子类型有一般疑问句、否定句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句、对划线部分提问、感叹句、保持原句意思、合并成一句、简单句和复合句之间的互换以及改为被动语态等。
二、解题时需注意的几个要点
1、时态：不同的时态相对应的助动词
一般现在时：谓语动词用原形（主语为第三人称单数时，动词加s或es，变否定句、疑问句时助动词为do或does）
一般过去时：谓语动词用过去式，变否定句、疑问句时助动词为did.
现在完成时：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
过去完成时：助动词had+动词的过去分词
一般将来时：will/be going to +动词原形
过去将来时：would/was or were going to +动词原形
现在进行时：am/is/are＋动词的现在分词
过去进行时：was/were＋动词的现在分词
2、语态：主动语态变为被动语态的谓语结构
一般现在时：am/is/are＋动词的过去分词
一般过去时：was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时：will be+动词的过去分词
情态动词：can/may/must/need等情态动词＋be++动词的过去分词
3、改反意疑问句时注意hardly, never, seldom, few, little, no等词表达的是否定意义，变反意疑问句时用肯定形式。
4、在合并句子时，有些连词如not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…是就近原则，连接两个主语时动词形式取决于与动词邻近的主语。而both…and…连接两个主语时,主语是复数。
5、简单句和复合句之间的互换常见的有：带有疑问词的宾语从句改为特殊疑问词＋to＋动词原形的不定式；结果状语从句so…that…改为enough to或too…to…的简单句。
6、保持原句意思改写句子时注意时态不变。
三、习题
练习一
1. We do our homework every evening. （改为否定句）
We _________ ________ our homework every evening. 对划线部分提问)
________ ________ do they have a class meeting?
3. She could hardly understand this passage. (改为反意疑问句)
She could hardly understand this passage, _________ __________?
4.The manager told him how to get useful information. (改为否定句)
The manager _________ _________ him how to get useful information.
5. Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well. (改为反意疑问句)
Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well, _________ _________?
对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ he live twenty years ago?
7. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句)
Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.
对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?
9. Your father used to ride a bike. （改成反意问句）
Your father used to ride a bike, _______ ________? （对划线提问）
__________ ___________ the population of Germany?
11. Mr. Wang washes his car once a month. （改为一般疑问句）
Mr. Wang (对划线部分提问)
will Susan come back from Athens?
13. My friends lost their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong. (改为一般疑问句)
________ your friends ________ their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong?
14. 对划线部分提问)
________ ________ has Yao Ming been in the Rocket Team?
15. She put the digital camera on the bed just now. (改为否定句)
She _________ _________ the digital camera on the bed just now.
16. Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays. (改为反意疑问句)
Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays, _________ _________?
(专辑). (划线部分提问)
_________ did Super Girl Zhou Bichang _________ to Vienna?
18. I’ve already saved enough money to buy a new car. (改为否定句)
I ________ saved enough money to buy a car ________.
19. Lily used to have long straight hair. (改为反意疑问句)
Lily used to have long straight hair, ________ ________?
20. He has already been there .(改为一般疑问句)
__________ he been there __________?
21.They decided that they wouldn't have the picnic because of the bad weather. (改为简单句)
They decided __________ _________ have the picnic because of the bad
22. The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers .( 改为反意疑问句)
The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers, __________ __________?
23. They grew some sunflowers in their garden last year.（改为否定句）
They __________ __________ any sunflowers in their garden last year.
24. Jane drinks milk every morning.（改为一般疑问句）
_________ Jane ___________ milk every morning? （就划线部分提问）
___________ map ___________ to Class 4?
26. You can choose only one of the two: a mini-TV or a DVD player. (改为选择疑问句)
you want a mini-TV a DVD player?
27. That detective film is so amazing. （改为感叹句）
___________ ___________ amazing detective film!
28. He has some money left.（改成否定句）
He money left.
29. （划线部分提问）
do the members of the film society meet?
30. His mother knew why the little boy was unhappy all day. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ his mother _______ why the boy was unhappy all day?
31. He looks very funny with that hat on. (改为感叹句)
_______ _______ he looks with that hat on!. 对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ they build this factory?
33. I have already finished the test paper.（改为否定句）
I ________ finished the test paper ________.
34. Johnson denied cheating in the competition.（改为反意疑问句）
Johnson denied cheating in the competition, ________ ________? （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the story need to be funny?
36. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句)
Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.
对划线部分提问) _________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?
38. （对划线部分提问） _________ _________ has he been a top fashion designer?
39. 对划线部分提问)
________ ________ will they move into the new school?
40. to go to the People’s Square by underground. (对划线部分提问)
________ _______ did it take you to go to the People’s Square by underground?
练习二：
1. Gold is less valuable than diamond. (保持句意不变)
Gold is ________ ________ valuable as diamond.
2. He told the children to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish. (改为被动语态) The children ________ ________ to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish.
3. Unless I have a quiet room, I cannot do any work. （保持句意不变）
I cannot do any work ________ I _________ have a quiet room.
4. The manager arrived here a few minutes ago. （保持句意不变）
The manager has _________here ________ a few minutes.
5. They will send him to work in Japan for one year. (改为被动语态)
He will ________ _________ to work in Japan for one year.
6. The words on the notice board are very small. I can’t see them clearly.(保持句子原意)
The words on the notice board are small I can’t see them
7. We can solve the problems with the help of the teacher. (改为被动语态) The problems can _________ _________ with the help of the teacher.
8. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思)
It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.
9. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs.(分贝)（改成被动语态）
The noise must ________ _______ under 50 dbs here.
10. Mike doesn’t like classical music. Billy doesn’t either. （合并成一句） _________ Mike nor Billy __________ classical music.
11. The room is so dirty that we can’t live in it.（保持句意不变）
The room isn’t __________ _________ for us to live in.
12. No one knows when we will start tomorrow. （保持原句意思）
No one knows start tomorrow.
13. The Smiths will invite the professor to take part in the party. (改成被动语态) to take part in the party by the Smiths.
14. If you are not brave, you’ll lose your last chance.（保持原句意思）
you are ’ll lose your last chance.
15. They store much information in the computer. (改成被动语态)
Much information ________ ________ in the computer.
16. Don’t throw rubbish here and there. Our teacher said to us. (合并为一句)
Our teacher told us ________ ________ throw rubbish here and there.
17. If John doesn’t apologize for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
（保持原句意思）
_______ John _______ for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
18. I don't know where we can grow vegetables in the city. (改为简单句) I don't know _________ _________ grow vegetables in the city.
19. People used to enjoy themselves chatting on MSN when it worked well. (保持句意基本不变)
People used to _________ a lot of _________ chatting on MSN when it worked well.
20. If you don’t improve your handwriting, you will lose marks in the exam. (合成同义句)
You will lose marks in the exam ________ you ________ your handwriting.
21. To go fishing is fun. （句意不变 ）
_____ is fun _____ ______ fishing.
22. Dick was so short that he couldn’t touch the top of the bookshelf.（保持句意基本不变）
Dick wasn’t __________ __________ to reach the top of the bookshelf.
23. “Can I borrow your bike for a while or not?”（ 保持句意基本不变）
Tom asked his sister __________ he __________ borrow her bike or not for a while.
24. The couple couldn’t decide which flat they should choose at first. （保持原句意
The couple couldn’t decide which flat at first.
25. Meaningless information is difficult for the little boy to remember. （保持原句意思）
is difficult for the little boy remember meaningless information.
26. People throw away millions of plastic bags in our city every day. （改成被动语态）
Millions of plastic bags away in our city.
27. She was so careless that she couldn’t find the mistakes in her test paper. (保持句意基本不变)
She was _______ _______ to find the mistakes in her test paper.
28. We will hold the next Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.（改为被动语态）
The next Olympic Games will _______ _______ in Beijing in 2008.
29. The elderly man pushed the birds into the river.（改为被动语态）
The birds ________ ________ into the river by the elderly man.
30. Dolphins are so clever that they can follow the instructions.（保持句意基本不变） Dolphins are ________ ________ to follow the instructions.
31. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思)
It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.
32. They invited the astronaut and his wife to the party on Christmas Eve.(改为被动语态)
The astronaut and his wife _________ _________ to the party on Christmas Eve.
33. The little girl didn’t go to bed unless the grandmother told her a story. (保持句意基本不变)
The little girl didn’t go to bed _________ the grandmother _________ tell her a story.
34. The plane is so big that it can carry 300 passengers at one time. （改为简单句）
The plane is big _________ _________ carry 300 passengers at one time.
35. Did they know the answer to the question? Ididn’t know… (合并为一句) I didn’t know ________ they had ________ the answer to the question.
练习一
1. don’t do 2. How often 3.could she 4.didn’t tell 5.can’t she
6.where did 7.doesn’t any 8.How long 9.didn’t he 10.What is
篇四：过去分词与现在分词在句中与句末修饰区别
一． .................................................................................................................................................. 1
二． .................................................................................................................................................. 1
三． .................................................................................................................................................. 2
四． .................................................................................................................................................. 3
五． .................................................................................................................................................. 8
一简述
1. 当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词;
2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的'主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrasehaving been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了. (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done)
避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义)就比定语从句简洁)还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误.
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1)修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语.
这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1)用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2)可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179
6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208
1、doing/done,SVO 注意分词的逻辑主语与S一致
2、介词/连词+doing/done,SVO 也要注意分词逻辑主语与S一致
3、S,doing/done,V 分词作定语修饰主语（前后一对逗号隔开，相当于定语从句）
注意：如果出现: “名词,doing,名词”，则会有分词前后的修饰歧义，如179DE，245E
4、SVO doing 分词作定语修饰主语，如 96AC，121C，146E，222A，234B，237E
5、SVO,doing
A、分词优先作状语
1）修饰主语（与分词在句首一样，注意逻辑主语），如 33B，39C，44B，120E，163D，256B
2）修饰主句动作，如 78BD，119B，154A，259A
B、其次作定语，但没有定语从句清晰，会有修饰歧义，如 253DE，（“，including”除外 249）
6、SVO done 分词作定语修饰O（同4）
7、SVO,done
A、分词作状语修饰S，如 大全558
B、分词作定语修饰O，如 127A（分词相当于形容词 253A）
some people base on sth是绝对错误的。但是有sb. base sth. on sth.的用法. 三．
1.SVO+doing,无逗号的情况下doing是针对宾语的动作,96AC(OG says : assuring针对主语有问题)，121C，146E，222A(OG says: enabling很好的修饰了宾语)，234B，237E -------以上证明了ets的偏好,svo+doing修饰主语是模糊的,修饰宾语是清晰的
2.SVO, doing有逗号,33B，39C(Og says:protecting很好的
解释了主语的行为)，44B，120E(Og says:错误选项有可能混淆的指代主语而不是逻辑上正确的宾语)，163D(Og says:sleeping正确的修饰了主语)，256B --------以上证明了在Og中svo,doing的doing多指代主语
3.svo,doing有逗号,78BD(doing指代了前面整个句子的行为)，119B(同前)，154A(*)，259A(同前)------------以上证明了Og中svo,doing的doing多指代前面的整个句子
四．例子
产生participle phrases原点是为了to reduce wordiness by replacing longer adverbial or relative clauses，另外要强调的重要讯息不会写成participle phrases，因为分词修饰语属于次等地位(The
modifier is subordinate to the main clause)。也就是说A….and B…(A与B一样重要)，如果A…V..,B...Ving (就重要性而言A>B)
简单一句：分词构句是主要句子的意义延伸。
目前我看到有几种句意：
1. 因果(★★★★★)
2. 补述：解释某事(★★★)、描述状态并列或伴随(★★)、纯举例
phrases如此具困扰性是因为可以改写的来源多
1.由adj. clauses (如who, which开头)可改写成分词词组。考题中可分形容词子句限制性、非限制性改分词的考法。
2. 副词子句(有连接词开头的)也可改分词词组，所以有因果关系或时间关系，单纯就时间关系看，可以有先后或同时，会有动作是伴随或是并列关系。
3.当三个以上的动词用and相连时，后面的部分也改写成分词(V, Ving... and Ving...)。
我看过的说法中，觉得Manhatan GMAT备考网站，里面指导员所讲的分词概念不错，但是他的目的在卖书，所以讲的真的不多。
1.当分词构句放句首，修饰后面句子的主词。前几天看到有人发帖的整理，讲到分词在句首，表示此动作先于主要句子的动作，讲的真好。
2.当分词构句不放在句首时:
there's NO COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adjective phrase that modifies the noun immediately
there's a COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adverb phrase that modifies the action of the preceding
PS：逗号的产生可能是插入语，遇到插入语可以跳过不看，不代表分词修饰这个插入语。
判断上抓前句的动词与主词，如果用中文想就是「此主体这个动作的行为导致或表示.....」(to modify the action of)。而且不可以只有思考主词或动词。 如果遇到前句有数个动词，以找最近的动词为主，譬如V1 to V2，分词构句修饰V2
participle (V-ing) after the comma can not modify the subject of the preceding clause's
這個考「什么情况下不可以改成分词构句?」除了需要有对等连接词的句子，不可改分词构句，因为句意重要性会被改变外，
打逗号的Ving分词，无法修饰逗号之前的名词，所以非限制的形容词子句最好不要改分词Ving构句(有7個考題)，但是Ved分词例外(有两个考题)。
篇五：非谓语动词句子改写 Word 文档
非谓语动词系列训练（二）
一：在句子意思不变的情况下用分词或不定式改写下列句子：
1.When he saw from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.
-----___________from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.(用分词)
2．When it was seen from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. (用分词) ------_____________from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. city. (用分词)
3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
-------When ________ why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (用分词)
4. Do you know the boy who knows Japanese?
----- Do you know the boy ___________ Japanese? (用分词)
5. Do you know the boy who is called Tom.
---- Do you know the boy ________Tom.- (用分词)
6. This is the man who organized the activity.
This is the man________________ the activity. (用分词)
7. He followed his students and came in.
------ He came in, ____________ his students(用分词)
8. He came in and was followed by his students
----- He came in ,____________by his students(用分词)
9.The woman who was dressed in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us.
---- The woman _____________ in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us. (用分词)
10. Because he is a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research.
---- _______ a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research. (用分词)
11. He was born on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood.
----- ____________on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood. (用分词)
12. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless it is watered every day.
---The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________ every day. (用分词)
13．When we were walking dogs, we came across a famous professor.
------ When ____________ dogs, we came across a famous professor. (用分词)
14. He donated over 10 billion dollars in order that he could sponsor education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.
----- He donated over 10 billion dollars _____________education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.(用不定式)
15 After he had finished his homework, he played the piano.
----- ____________ his homework, he played the piano.
16. After the bridge had been completed, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
----______________________, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
17 It is said that Bell invented the telephone.
18. Bell is said __________ the telephone. (用不定式)
19. I don’t decide what I should do.
I don’t decide what__________(用不定式)
20. It happened that he had been invited
---- He happened _____________
21.He was so young that he could not go to school. He was too young __________ to school.
22. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
----- The test __________, we began our holiday.(用独立主格结构)
23. As time goes by ,he becoms aware of it.
With time ________ by, he becomes aware of the significant of it.
24. The moon, which travels round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
---- The moon, ___________ round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
25. Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me.
-----_______ several times, he didn’t understand me.
26. After the problem was solved,he took a rest.
----With the problem ____________, he took a rest.
27. If time permits, we will
28．He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
---He lay there, his hand_______, his eyes looking straight up
29.I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, which enabled me to understand the love in a family.
------I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, ______________ me to understand the love in a family. (用分词)
30.There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, which attracts lots of tourists from different places every year.
------There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, ____________ lots of tourists from different places every year. (用分词)
二：非谓语动词完成句子练习
there was no doctor available. (only)
, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? (spend)
. (think)
包括三名儿童）. (child)
5. 根据他的话判断）, he did well in his exam. (judge)
the Tang Dynasty. (date)
7. This is an article （由五部分组成）five parts. (consist)
five parts.(make)
as soon as possible. (solve)
bored a lot of fans to death. (concern)
, l cannot object to your marriage. (concern)
子）at school? （keep）
（躲在木箱里）behind the door. (hide)
,we had to walk home last night. (be).
in the broad daylight yesterday. (rob)
（满是脚印）. (mark)
（石油价格上涨）, the economy of that country is slowing down. (go)
18. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, . (fix)
him, I decided to write again. (hear)
20. He doesn’t seem to mind by others. (make)
next week is of great importance. (hold)
is very important. (hold)
is of great importance. (hold)
the Third World. (belong)
（致力于研究）, the professor paid little attention to his surroundings. (devote)
in the morning. (come)
（为了确保那孩子尽快康复），five doctors took turns looking after him day and night. (ensure)
，the old man struggled to his feet. (help)
, the parents were taken to the dining room. （show）
（.support）
. （drop）
, I am not familiar with this kill. (tell)
（为了不被注意）by others . (notice)
三：合并下列句子
1. The annual school sports meeting was held yesterday. It presented a marvelous opening ceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. After the opening ceremony, we sat in the base of our class. We waited patiently for the beginning of the race.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Some of my classmates work very hard, and they hope to fulfill their dream. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4..My friend Christine took part in the 800-meter race. She had received training many times, so she kept calm before the race. After 400 meters, though she looked tired, she still tried her best to run. We screamed and beat the drum when we saw she passed by. She won the medal, and we were proud of it. (把短文中的从句或并列句改成非谓语动词)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四：语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。(一）
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_________（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]_________（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease
[5]________（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit) with his patients and [7]________（listen）to them talk. He had them [8]________（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to
[9]___________（express）. There could be no[10]________（hold）back because of fear or guilt. 基础写作 :最近，你就读的学校——广东实验中学高中部将举办开放日。 你将作为学校的
学生代表向前来参观的英语老师介绍高中校区的基本情况，请准备好你的解说词，文章的开头和结尾已为你写好。(学会用非谓语动词表达）
?位置交通：位于广州市西部，荔湾区；出行便利，步行到地铁站约10分钟。 ?学校历史：逾120年的悠久历史；现高中校区于2004年 竣工并投入使用。 ?校园环境：占地面积约125,000平方米；植物繁茂，绿树成荫，环境优美。 ?校园设施：课室宽敞明亮，配备齐全；拥有标准运动 设施，
其中综合体育馆可用于举办比赛、会议和典礼。
?师生情况：目前学生约3000人，教师约200人；全体师生正在
为学校更美好的明天共同奋斗。
?【写作要求】
?只能用5个句子表达全部内容。?【评分标准】 ?句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
Good morning, teachers! Welcome to Guangdong Experimental High School!.....
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
非谓语动词练习答案
1．Seeing 2.Seen (原句有误，请改成When it was seen from the top of the mountain,the city is beautiful (用分词) 3. asked 4. knowing 5. called 6. organizing 7. following 8. followed 9. dressed 10. Being 11. Born 12. watered 13. walking 14. to sponsor 15. Having finished 16. Having been completed 17 18.. to have invented
19.to do 20. to have been invited 21. to go 22 finished 23. going 24. travelling 25. Having been toldTold 26. solved 27.permitting 28. clenched 29.enabling 30. attracting
二：非谓语动词完成句子练习
Keys:
1. only to be told (that) 2. to spend your spare/free time
3. thinking about 4. including three children/ three children included
5. Judging from / by his words/what he said
6. dating back to/from (which dates back to/from)
7. consisting of / which consists of
8. made up of/which is made up of 9. to solve the problem
10. concerning the football match 11. As/So far as I am concerned
12. (in) keeping five children 13. hidden in a wooden box
14. There being no bus 15. to have been robbed
16. Seen from the top of 17. Seeing from the top of
18. To see 19. marked with footprints
20. the price of oil going up 21. fixed on/upon the national flag
22. with (both) his hands tied 23. Not having heard from
24. (his) being made fun of 25. to be held
篇一：新英语教师第一堂课开场白
Good morning, everyone. How are you Nice to meet you. From now on, I am your new English teacher. My name is … You can call me Miss Li.
各位同学，大家好。以后，我就是你们班的英语老师。我叫。。。，你们可以叫我Miss li。。。老师。你们知道吗，当我刚走进这个教室，看到一张张可爱的脸，我心里特别高兴。因为我将带领、陪伴你们一起走过初中剩下的两年半。
老师想知道大家喜不喜欢学习英语呢？
学生：不喜欢/喜欢
为什么喜欢呢？这位同学，可不可以说一下你的理由呢这位同学可不可以先介绍一下自己吗？哦XXX 老师记住了。
那为什么喜欢英语呢？、、、、、
听了刚才两位同学的理由，老师大概了解了一下同学不喜欢学习英语的理由。在这里呢，老师想告诉大家三个好的学习英语的习惯。
一要课前认真预习，做到心中有数。从词汇表中查找生词，根据音标和拼音规则学拼单词，也可以根据录音跟读。朗读预习内容，疑难问题用笔标出记号。
二要课上认真听讲，勤于思考，并且作好课堂笔记。班里每个人都要准备一个英语笔记本。要买稍微厚一点儿的，大一点的笔记本。为什么我要让你们做笔记呢。俗话说好记性不如烂笔头。上课做笔记可以避免走神，可以加深知识理解，最为主要的是便于课下复习课堂所学内容。
三要课外认真独立完成作业，检查自己对知识的掌握情况。做作业的目的是为了及时地巩固已学的知识，通过作业及时了解自己的学习情况，做到及时反馈，以便及时作出调整。
学习英语就是要掌握听、说、读、写几种技能，所以再学习英语的过程中，一定要养成多听录音，多说英语，大声朗读和用英语写
多听、多读、多说，最后达到能背诵的程度，只有这样，才能写好。作为七年级的学生，多听录音尤为重要。听录音并刻意模仿纯正的发音，这是学好英语的基础。咱们的教材为大家提供了很好的素材，一定要坚持每天听并大声朗读、背诵。
1.听：课上专心听懂老师的课堂用语以及老师的英语讲解，每节英语课老师安排一个值日生进行Free talk 。别人说时，其他同学要注意听，认真参与老师组织的听力训练活动。课外的天地更是广阔，可以听英美人士的录音，还可以听广播，看电视的英语节目，听英语歌曲，所有这些都有利于同学们的听力训练。
2.说：英语是一门语言，是一门用于交流的工具，它可以让我们走向这个世界，而不是局限于中国。所以学习英语关键就是在于说。课上要积极发言，愿意去说，明白中国人说英语有错误是必然的，不要怕犯错误，不要怕别人笑话。
值日报告：duty report
每天我们会利用课前2到3分钟做值日报告，我们按照学号顺序论下去。可以单人做报告，内容选题可以是
值日报告结束后，当堂由我们同学自己评分。期末我们会奖励分数最高的前几位同学。如果有不知道怎么选择报告主题的同学，可以提前两天找我商量，我会相应的提出一些建议，让你们的值日报告更精彩。
3.读：早读+课后读（跟着录音大声朗读，模仿发音，注意语音、语调、语速）
3.写：首先写单词、句子，然后做组词成句、组句成段、连词成文等一些书写练习，再过渡到改写课文，最终能运用所学的基础知识进行书面表达。做到文章语言结构合理，用此恰当，
表达通顺，书写工整，拼法正确。三年后你们要参加中考，六年后你们要参加高考，你们的几年辛苦和努力都要通过一张来体现。难道你们不愿把一手好字、一张漂亮的试卷摆在评卷老师的面前吗？每天的作业就是很好的练字机会，千万不要应付，一定要认真完成。
词汇方面，我们整个初中所要学习的的词汇是1300左右，那我们一起来计算一下初中三年内1000天的时间，每天需要学习多少个单词？对，如果坚持，每天只用学习一两个单词。 这难不难？
篇二：英语课开场白和结束语的设计
开场白的设计
内容提要：本文论述了课堂导语的作用，介绍了如何设计恰当的课堂开场白。它虽然不是授课内容，但对于平稳和顺利进入课堂实质部分，加强教学效果起着重要作用。在设计课堂导语时，首先要作到语言简洁易懂，其次注意对学生的启发诱导，强调开场白的情趣性，做到灵活机动并把握好时间。
关键词：英语课堂 开场白 导语 设计
授课伊始， 教师的开场白（导语）必不可少，恰当的课堂导语不仅对授课的内容起到承上启下的作用，还能激扬情趣，活跃课堂气氛。由于它并不是授课的内容，常被忽略。如果在备课时没有设计开场白，而是到了课堂上随便拉扯几句，或套用千篇一律的所谓导语，就很难做到平稳过度，也不能抓住学生的注意力。下面的内容无论多么精彩，已属“亡羊补牢”矣!
不同学科，风格各异，课堂导语的设计也应各有千秋。下面，就英语课堂导语的设计，笔者浅谈自己在教学实践中的心得和体会，与同仁们共榷。
英语课堂上我们惯用的开场白是：“Let’s begin our class．”或者是：“Last time we learned. Today we are going to take up．”一般来说，这样的开场白并无差错，但显得陈旧、俗套，很难引起学生的注意和兴趣。而好的导语要使学生在短短的几分钟内就能进入角色，课堂气氛活跃热烈。这样的导语对提高学生听力、加强课堂教学效果起着不可估量的作用。
那么怎样设计好英语课堂导语呢不妨从以下几方面着手。
(一) 语言应简洁易懂。英语导语的设计应尽量使用学生学过的单词或短语。句的长短，内容的深浅要根据学生的水平而定。学生听懂了，才有兴趣听下去；反之，如果用词生僻，句子复杂难懂，则适得其反。
在讲Robinson Crusoe时，我是这样设计导语的：Do you know the story “Robinson Crusoe”The author of it is Daniel Defoe．He is one of the most
important writers of England．The hero，Robinson Crusoe, is famous all over the world．Today we’11 learn a story about Robinson Crusoe．
这样的导语，较快地激发了学生的好奇心，我刚一说完，他们就急切地读了起来。反之，如用以下导语，则适得其反：
Have you ever heard of “Robinson Crusoe”, the author of which is Daniel Defoe，who is considered one of the most prominent novelists of EnglandRobinson Crusoe，the protagonist is celebrated through out the world．Today we’ll learn a story about Robinson Crusoe.
很明显,这个导语，旬式复杂，单词生僻，学生由于不理解而失去兴趣，达不到授课预期的目的。
(二) 注意导语的启发、诱导作用。教师上课前应吃透教材,抓住教材的关键，利用几句导语,把学生需要掌握的内容说出来，引导学生积极思维；不要一上课想说什么,就说什么，使学生无所适从。在讲授How Marx Learned Foreign Languages时，我的导语是:
I believe all of you know Karl Marx．Can you tell us something about him 学生一听到这样的问题，同声回答“yes”。一些学生回答他是伟大的共产主义创始人，有的说他是德国人等。说出了许多有关马克思的知识。我让大家静下来，然后说：“All of us know Karl Marx was a German，and he was a great leader of communism．But do you know he was also a great talent for languagesIn this text，the author told us how Marx learned foreign languages in order to do revolutionary work better，and in the text Marx also gave us some good and useful advice on learning languages．After we learn it，we can get great benefit from it．Now，please read the text first．”话刚说完，学生就迫不急待地翻开书，读了起来。他们迫切地想知道马克思是怎样学习外语的，以及他对学习语言提出了什么好的建议。这一节课，课堂导语在引导学生思维时发挥了极大的作用。
如果在学生回答了那些关于马克思的知识后,教师大讲马克思的革命活动、国际共运史，学生如坠入云雾。无所适从，很难说学生学习课文时有什么收获。
(三) 趣味性要强。教师设计导语时应抓住学生心理，激起学生兴趣，使学生在轻松、愉快的环境中带着兴趣去学习新内容，这样课堂效果会明显加强。在讲Lady Silkworm时，我这样设计了导语：
Do you know how the silk worm is formed in Chinese“蚕”The Chinese character蚕consists of “heaven” and “worm”．Yes, the silk worm means“the worm” comes from heaven．Would you like to know whyHowThere is an interesting story about it．Today，we’11 learn this interesting and beautiful story．The title is “Lady Silkworm”．Now turn to page
又比如，在讲授外贸初级英语“Insurance”时，针对内容比较枯燥、抽象这一现象，为了激发学生学习兴趣，我设计了这样的导语：
I know all of us have known something about insurance and I also know all of us had covered the insurance when we entered the schoo1．Now please answer me what you have covered．
一些学生回答：Life insurance．
接着我又问了一个问题；“Why did you cover life insurance”一些学生回答：We can get compensation when we meet with risks．
紧接着我又问了一个问题：Do you think it is necessary to cover the insurance in the international trade学生齐声回答：yes．
因此，我就用下列话启发他们：In business the goods of every transaction，from the seller to the buyer，usually cover a long way．During this，the goods perhaps meet with unexpected risks．In order to shift the risks and avoid the losses，the owner of the goods always cover the insurance．Today we’11 learn some knowledge about insurance．I hope you can master well.
有了以上导语，学生对课文产生了兴趣，急于想学习保险知识。为上好本节课打好了基础。
(四) 要灵活机动。课堂导语与教学内容一脉相承，丰富的.教学内容决定了课堂导语的丰富性、多样性。这就需要灵活机动地设置导语。有的用于新学期之始，借导语使学生对要学的内容有个整体认识；有的用于篇章之间，借导语承上启下，加强了教学的连贯性；有的用于讲课开始}有的用于授课结束等等。总之，要根据学习内容灵活机动地设置导语．不能流于形式。
例如，新生入学第一节课，我设计了如下导语：
This is the first time you have attended English class in our specialized sch001．Maybe you are wondering about：Is English taught in the same way as in the middle schoolIs English very important to usHow can we study it well to meet the requirements
Now I must tell you that English is the most important subject to us，for you are students of Foreign Trade Major．So every one of you must study hard to
master as much knowledge as you can，so that you can do well after finishing sch001．Here I also tell you that English is not taught in the same way as well as English knowledge and I’11 speak much more English than Chinese in class and encourage you to speak English too．So you have to prepare your lesson well before class．
话音刚落，就听到哗哗的翻书声。很明显，第一次上课使用的导语为日后上好英语课奠定了基础。
有时，为了使学生能自觉预习新内容，我往往在授课结束时设计带有悬念的导语。如在讲完 A Sandpiper to Bring You 这课后，我是这样设置导语的：
Up to now，we have known Wendy is a lovely girl．She can bring joy to others．We’ve also known she is on vacation．Why doesn’t she go to schoolIs it just because she is on vacationWhy is her face dell fairIf you want to know，please preview text of Lesson Nine． ．
有了这样的悬念，学生就急于知道结果，因此就不必担心他们不去预习新课了。
(五)注意把握时间。运用导语不能占用过多的时问。英语导语非常重要，但毕竟是起一种辅助的作用，时间过长会影响主要内容的讲授，造成本末倒置，失去了导语本来意义。一般情况下，导语在一节课中约占五分钟。
比如，在讲 Golden Touch 一课时，我这样设置了导语：
I believe all of you like money．It can bring happiness to us．But money is not everything．After you learn the text，you can understand better．
如果讲钱本来很好，它有许多用途，讲了二十分钟，以致于讲到当前的经济形势，学生可能会忘了这是英语课堂，还以为你讲商品经济形势呢。
以上几例说明，在实际教学中，要设计出独具特色的导语要花费一定的时间和精力。但我的体会是：英语课堂导语对于激发学习兴趣、加强教学效果起着十分重要的作用，所以在这上面花费时间和精力也是值得的。
英语课堂结束语艺术浅谈
课堂教学是一门艺术，一堂精彩的好课如听一场优美的音乐会，让人心旷神怡，如痴如醉。教学过程中教法的选择固然重要，但一堂课结束时的三言两语—课堂结束语，也起着不可轻视的作用。“编筐编篓，全在收口”。课堂的最后时刻，是教学的“收获季节”，一个好的结尾，不只是对一节课的总结，好的结束语如同撞钟，响亮警醒而又“余音绕梁”，它能极好地激发学生学习兴趣，把课堂教学再次推向高潮，并延伸至课后，直至课外。几年来我对英语课堂教学结束语艺术进行了一些研究和探索，收到了较良好的效果，下面谈谈我粗浅的做法。
一、宽话窄说—归纳概括：
课堂教学结束时一定要梳理一下当堂听讲的知识，然后归纳总结出几个要点，当然，这里的归纳总结，不是对课堂讲授内容的机械重复，而是画龙点睛，提炼升华。试想一堂课下来，内容本来已很多，教师的结束语如果仅仅只是简单地把当堂课的教学内容列举一遍，又怎能引起学生的举，收到良好的课堂效果呢？这时，当用“宽话窄说”法，即用高度精练的语言概括当堂课的主要内容。使学生对课堂所学知识有一个清晰完整又主题鲜明的认识，帮助学生删繁就简，把握中心，有利于学生理解，记忆和运用。例如在“if条件句虚拟语气”语法教学中，通过例句让学生总结出现在、过去、将来事情的虚拟情况后，可以这样归纳：
各虚拟句谓语形式的总原则，就是把他们的时态后推一个时态。
非虚拟句中采取一般现在时的，虚拟时改为一般过去时；非虚拟句中用一般将来时的，虚拟时改为过去将来时；非虚拟句用过去时的，虚拟时改为过去完成时。这样归纳，使学生顿时豁然开朗，无需再***记那些形式，只需运用时态知识，自己推导即可，这样大大降低了知识的难度，从而增强了学生学习的主动性和参与性。
二、有话直说——传道教育
“师者，传道、授业、解惑也。”为人师者，不能仅仅传给学生书本中的知识，更重要的是挖掘课本知识的精髓，把握好中心，直抒胸意，适时地给予学生做人的道理。正如苗圃中的花，栽下去而不给予它足够的水分、养料和阳光，它是无法开出漂亮的花朵的，在英语教学中，我们同样不能忽略道德教育，教育无时不在，哪怕是在课程的最后，都是很有必要的，可谓以知促情，知情结合。如在学完《The Story of Helen Keller》时，不妨这样说：“Helen was disabled but she never gave up working .We should learn form her and keep fighting against difficulties”这样直截了当地结束，一语掷地，而又掷地有声。
三、冷话热说——升华激励
科学家们曾做过一个实验，取两杯同样的水，每天对着一杯说赞美的话，对着另一杯说些污秽的语言，过一段时间把他们放到显微镜下，前一杯水里显出了漂亮的结晶物，而后一杯水里则出现了黑糊糊的沉淀。水尚且如此，更何况人呢？我们应以真挚的情感，充分的信任来鼓励学生，把一些本应板着面孔说的批评的话以一种充分理解的态度说出，尊重每一个学生的自尊心，使他们以较愉快的心情接受教师给予的批评，从内心深处萌发悔意，使正确的观点生根发芽。即便在结束语中，也不能放弃我们的热心。比如，在对学生一节课的学习进行反馈时，学习困难生常如同未授，千万不要忘记在帮助他们查漏补缺的同时要委婉，决不能说 “木头、棒槌、笨蛋”之类的刺激性的话，相反要在耐心的鼓励中暗示他们的不足——“不会，没关系；这知识本来就难理解，不过，我相信，凭你聪明的大脑和努力探究，你肯定能掌握的。我愿意帮助你。”这番语重心长的话语，会撼动学生的心灵，让他们知道努力的方向，知道自己也能获得成功，从而信心倍增；反之，直指短处，学生会心灰意冷，很可能失去继续努力的信心，长此以往，很多“花朵”会在我们手中夭亡。
四、有话不说——练习强化
这里有话不说做两种理解，一种是尽量少说，接近于不说。即老师设计练习来结束课堂而尽量不使用结束语。这也是一种较常见的结束语形式。通过练习来巩固所学知识，及时反馈学生们的学习情况。这种结束形式不同于课堂大量的练习形式，它主要是通过不多但很典型的题目来进行，不做过多的讲解。如在语法one做替代词教学中，在学习完one/ones替代用法及进行完针对性练习后，可展示给学生两个句子，让他们判断对错，讲明理由。
1、if you haven’t got fresh milk,I will take some tinned ones.
2、It’s cheaper to buy old cars than to have a new one .
通过观察思考，提高了学生知识运用能力，分辨是非的能力，同时又突出了教学的难点，即 one/ones不可替代不可数名词，强化了学生对知识的全面理解。
另一种有话不说，实际上是师话生说，即教师不讲，学生讲，让学生自己来结束这堂课，“授人鱼不如授人渔”，这种方法更加充分发挥学生的主体作用，提高学生学习的积极性和综合概括能力，尤其有助于学生能力的培养提高。此时教师的无声胜有声。但用这种方法要注意以下一些问题：
1、 教师不讲不是图省事省心，把这种方法当成偷懒的借口。
2、 要注意循序渐进。通过讲评、比较、竞赛等多种方法提高
学生课堂结束语的水平和兴趣，运用得当，学生甚至能为了说好课堂结束语认真地听完每一
篇三：精彩英语演讲开场白示例
精彩英语演讲开场白示例
有了好的开头，英语演讲便成功了一半。好的英语演讲开头能够吸引听众的注意力，让你的英语演讲获得更多人的认可。那么，英语演讲的开头应该怎么写才能吸引听众的注意力呢下面与你分享精彩的英语演讲开场白示例。
1、精彩英语演讲开场白示例一：问候听众，介绍自己
Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman, Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today. Let me introduce myself first. My name is...
英语演讲稿开头怎么写精彩英语演讲开场白示例
2、精彩英语演讲开场白示例二：受邀致辞
I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...
I am grateful for the opportunity to present...
通常情况下，在一起企业活动或者学术活动中，有的演讲者会作为嘉宾被邀请发言。这个时候，你可以通过上述英语演讲开场白来发表讲话。
3、精彩英语演讲开场白示例三：告知演讲主题
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...
The subject of my presentation is...
英语演讲稿的开头要记得告知听众演讲的主题，不要一篇英语演讲洋洋洒洒结束了，听众还对你所讲述的主题不甚明了，那就太悲剧了。一开始就告诉听众主题，让他们带着已有的自我认知跟着你的演讲往下听，他们的兴趣会更浓厚，如果他们听了半天不知道主题，又没怎么完全听懂，演讲就没有太大效果。
4、精彩英语演讲开场白示例四：引起听众兴趣
Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...
At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...
在英语演讲稿的开头引入一些引起听众兴趣的内容是演讲的技巧。你想要为听众讲一个不一样的故事你想要为听众留一个悬念，让听众在你的英语演讲中找寻答案那就试试上述这两
种英语演讲开场白的表达方式吧。
英语演讲稿开头怎么写希望岱恩英语老师分享的精彩英语演讲开场白示例能够为你提供帮助。同时，岱恩英语老师也要提醒大家，一场成功的英语演讲光靠英语演讲稿是不够的，还需要掌握很多英语演讲方法和技巧，并且一个人的英语演讲能力也是需要反复锻炼才能提升的。希望大家好好学习，早日成为英语演讲高手!
最新英文演讲稿开场白
尊敬的评委，尊贵的来宾，女士们，先生们，大家晚上好!能够站在这里进行演说，我感到十分荣幸。今天我将和大家一起分享
honorable judges,distinguished guests,ladies and gentlemen,good evening!I feel really honored to stand here and make a speech.today I"m going to look together with you into this question:
Good morning everybody!It's my honor to speak here,and I am very glad to share my topic with you. Then today I'd like to talk something about.....
(大家早上好!能在这里做此次演讲我十分荣幸，也很高兴能跟大家一起分享我的主题，今天我想演讲的是......)
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the English Speaking Competition for Grade 2005. (掌声~~~) First of all, (Motivational model yuedu.mipang.com) please allow me to introduce myself, your host for today. I’m Sammy from Cla6, Grade 2005.
(译文：女士们，先生们，大家晚上好!欢迎来到05级英语演讲比赛的现常首先，请允许我来个自我介绍。我是今晚的主持人—来自05级6班的典典。)
There are all together 26 contestants to compete in today’s English Speaking Competition, all from Grade 2005. And this competition will be mediated by a panel of five judges. Also on the panel are “question masters” who will be responsible for raising questions of today’s contestants. Now, I have the great privilege of presenting today’s judges.
(译文：角逐今晚比赛的有26名选手,他们均来自外院05级的同学。此次比赛我们邀请到了五名评委，五名评委中有两名是“提问员”，这两名“提问员”将对每位选手进行提问。好的，我很荣幸地向大家介绍一下我们的五位评委。 微笑状~)
Ladies and gentlemen, MiLiu, (掌声~~~) welcome; MiLuo, (掌声~~~)welcomeOK, after introducing our judges, now let’s go over the rules of the competition.
(译文：女士们，先生们，她们是刘老师，欢迎!骆老师，欢迎!好的，介绍完我们的评委之后，让我们来看看今天的比赛规则吧。 微笑状~)
Each of the contestants has 3 minutes to present a prepared speech and 2 minutes to answer questions raised by the judges.
(译文：每位选手要进行3分钟的命题演讲和2分钟的回答。)
During the prepared speech, a staff member will raise a yellow board as a signal that there is half a minute left. Then, at the end of 3minutes, a red board will be raised to let the speaker know that the time has run out. So, please raise the red board. Thank you!
(译文：在命题演讲环节，在选手的演讲时间还剩下半分钟的时候，我们的工作人员将会举一块黄颜色的牌子示意。当3分钟时间一到，我们的工作人员会举一块红色的牌子示意时间已到。现在，工作人员示意一下下。谢谢! 微笑状~)
Now the topic for today’s prepared speech is “Olympic Games, Beijing 2008”.
(译文：今天的命题演讲的题目是：北京2008奥运会。)
Ladies and gentlemen, the top four winners today will be able to attend the College Final to be held on November 3rd.
(译文：女士们，先生们，今晚比赛的前四名选手将可以参加11月3号晚上的院里的决赛。)
Now let’s welcome contestant No.1
(译文：现在，让我们有请1号选手。 微笑状~)
Thank you for contestant No.1, now let’s welcome contestant No.2.
(译文：谢谢1号选手的演讲。接下来，让我们有请我们的2号选手。 微笑状~)
Thank you for contestant No.2. Here, ladies and gentlemen, I w
ould like to announce the score of contestant No.1 is 86.6. Congratulations! Now, let’s welcome contestant No.3
(译文：谢谢我们的2号选手。女士们，先生们，下面我宣布1号选手的最后得分是：86.6分。恭喜!接下来，让我们有请我们的3号选手。 微笑状~)
大家好！今天我说课的课题是宾语从句讲解。我主要从以下几方面进行说课：一是教学内容；二是教学目标；三是教学重难点；四是学情；五是教法；六是学法；七是教学过程；八是教学反思。下面我对本课题逐一进行分析：
一、说教学内容
语法是语言的组织规律，任何人在使用语言时，不管他是否学过语法，都必须合乎语法。另外，总结语法本身的规律也能加深我们对语言的理解，让我们能够真正熟练地运用语言。宾语从句为初中三年级学生所学内容，是名词性从句的一种。如今，我们的学生从小学就开始接触英语，现在学到初三，取得了一定的英语学习成果，具备了一定的英语底子；因此，宾语从句的系统性学习既有利于综合他们多年来的英语学习成果，又有利于为他们开启高中阶段名词性从句的学习打下基础。此外，在各种考试中，宾语从句亦是重要考点。由此可见，初三年级学生宾语从句的学习是非常重要的。
二、说教学目标
根据素质教育和新课程标准的要求，结合本讲内容和初三年级学生的认知特点及心理特征，我制定了以下教学目标：
（一）知识与技能目标：了解宾语从句，能识别宾语从句并掌握它的基本用法；能写出简单的宾语从句。
（二）过程与方法目标：能掌握较科学的宾语从句学习方法，为今后名词性从句的学习打下基础。
（三）情感与价值观目标：能发觉简单句与复合句的区别，在一定程度上欣赏英语句子中宾语从句的独特之处与美感。
三、说教学重难点
（一）引导宾语从句的引导词（连接词）；
（二）宾语从句的语序；
（三）宾语从句中时态的变化。
四、说学情
初三年级的学生具备了一定的英语语言知识，成绩优异的学生能写出较优美流畅的小
五、说教法
众所周之，英语是一门有利于培养学生逻辑思维能力和开阔学生视野的学科。因此，在教学过程中，要使学生“知其然”和“知其所以然”，能够举一反三，由“学会”向“会学”转变。在坚持“以学生为主体、以教师为主导”“教学相长”“寓教于乐”的原则的前提下，结合初三年级学生的身心发展特点、认知特征和本讲内容的特点，我将主要采用讲授法，让学生获取丰富充实的课堂知识。同时，考虑到初三年级的学生第一次系统性、理论性地学习宾语从句，我在授课时将坚持“少而精”的原则，让学生较为透彻地理解与掌握宾语从句。下面我对我的讲授法作如下分析：
（一）讲解宾语从句的定义，对“宾语从句”四个字进行剖析，将其解析成“宾语”和“从句”；讲解什么是宾语（即一个动作（动词）的'接受者，常置于动词之后），什么是从句（即
复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that, who, whom, when, why, where, how, which等引导词引导的非主句部分）；再讲授宾语从句即充当宾语的从句，它是宾语的同时，又是从句，“宾语”和“从句”二者在宾语从句中相辅相成、不可分割。一言以蔽之，宾语从句就是“做宾语的从句”。
（二）给学生讲解完定义后，便分别按照宾语从句的三要素——语序、引导词（连接词）、时态对宾语从句进行讲解；同时，对于每一个知识点，都给出一至两个例句，在增强学习的趣味性的同时，学生也深化了对知识点的理解。讲解完三要素之后，便讲解学习宾语从句的注意事项。
六、说学法
教师的价值不在于自己，而在于学生。人们常说，名师出高徒，但我想说，有时高徒也出名师。学生有出息了，教师便以学生为荣。因此，我认为教师最崇高之处在于，教师应竭尽全力让自己的学生变得优秀甚至超越教师本人。因此，学生要变得优秀，让学生掌握学法是很重要的。我着重培养学生以下几种学法：思考评价法、分析归纳法、自主探究法、总结反思法、练习巩固法。
七、说教学过程
（一）新课导入
温习上一节课中所学课文的宾语从句，一起品味其中的美感，让学生获得美的情绪体验，激发他们的求知欲和对宾语从句的好奇心。然后开门见山，告诉学生本讲的内容为宾语从句。
（二）讲授新课
以语序为切入点，对宾语从句进行讲解。
（三）答疑解惑
问学生他们有哪些不懂的地方，再进行细致的讲解，让学生加深对宾语从句的理解。
（四）作业布置
讲解完毕后，布置作业，检测学生的学习效果；同时，通过作业让学生将宾语从句的语序——陈述语序深深地印在脑海里。
另外，下课前，告诉学生，有不懂的地方欢迎前来询问。
八、说教学反思
认真回顾自己在课堂上的授课场景，想一想自己在哪些地方存在遗漏，哪些地方讲解得不够清楚。批改作业，检测学生的学习成效。总结经验教训并记录下来，为下一节课的作业讲解提供参考。
说课完毕，谢谢大家。
附件：
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”的句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，宾语从句可分为以下四种：
（1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。
（2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
（3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
（4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2．连接词
（1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
（2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
（3）但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don't know whether to go．我不知道去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
（4）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？
3．时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，从过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）中选用一种形式。如： ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
（3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4．注意
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ —Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。
—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
