英语句子成分讲解分
谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。如：
It’s getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如：
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的.任务是看羊。
宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。如：
He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如：
He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I’ve never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。
定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个 词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
状语：说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。
补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。
补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的，可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。补语都放在中心语后头，除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结构和一部分形容词可以直接作补语外。补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动词、介宾结构来担任，各种关系的词组也常作补语。
口诀：
主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
每年都有很多考生问老师，怎么提高写作？除了阅读，考研英语中占分值最大的就是写作。对于各位考研学子，大家无论学习阅读还是写作，首先要弄清楚一个问题，什么叫做好句子？
好句子绝不仅仅是把主谓宾或者主系表堆砌在一起。好句子具有一些特点。如果同学们能够把握这些特点，那么相信大家一定能够提升
特点一：整体性
句子的整体性：即能表达单独的、完整的思想。
Eg. Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician.
【分析】这个句子表达了两层思想：1. Born in a small town出生在一个小镇 2. grew up to be a musician.长大成为了音乐家。这个句子应该分成两句来写。除此之外，还需要增加一些信息来连接两层思想。
【提升】He was born in a small town in South China in the early 50s. In his childhood he liked to sing. Later he entered a music conservatory. In the 70s, he grew up to be an accomplished musician.
特点二：连贯性
句子的.连贯性：即能清晰地连接句子的各个部分，没有虚假的平行结构，没有指代不请的代词，没有不清晰的句内关系。
Eg. Upon entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, "good morning!"
【分析】这个句子从语法来讲是正确的，但是句内关系不清楚，到底谁进入了教室？
【提升】When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up and said, "good morning!"
Eg. Elizabeth and I enjoy walking, to ski, travel and teaching university students.
【分析】这个句子的连贯性较差，可以利用平行结构来体现连贯性。
【提升】Elizabeth and I enjoy walking, skiing, traveling and teaching university students.
特点三：准确性
句子的准确性指句子内部没有不准确的，不必要的词。
Eg. He returned in the early part of the month of August.
【分析】这个句子感觉有故意写长之嫌，需要精简。
【提升】He returned in early August.
特点四：重点突出
好的句子应该重点突出，词的选择，词的重复都有助于句子的重点突出。
Eg. When the bank robbers entered the bank they yelled, "don't move!"
【分析】这个句子比较平淡，可以修改一下动词。
【提升】When the bank robbers rushed into the bank they yelled, "don't move!"
特点五：语法正确，句式多变
句式多变指句子长短结合。如果全篇都是复杂的长难句，文章读起来会晦涩难懂，并且有挑衅阅卷人之嫌。反之，全篇都是短句，感觉有侮辱阅卷人之感。
Eg. Daisy, who was the first-year student of college, would go to a par near her school every day in morning, she would bring a small recorder with her, in park she would find quiet corner and listen to a tape of English stories.
【分析】这个句子不仅仅存在语法问题，另外还有完整性，准确性问题。
【提升】Daisy, a first-year college student, enjoys studying in the park near her school. Each morning she brings a small recorder, finds a quiet corner in the park, and listens to a tape of English stories.
如果同学们在写句子的时候，注意以上五点，相信大家一定能够写出正确，完整，准确的英文句子。
S+V是主谓
S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾
S+V+P是主谓宾
S(主语)+V(谓语)+ I(间接宾语)+D(直接宾语)
S(主语)+V(动词)+O (宾语)+Complement(补语)
下面是讲解
1.Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等.如：
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力.
She apologized to me again.她再次向我道歉.
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的.
2.Subject (主语) + Link.V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词.这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等.如：
Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上.
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎.
This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕.
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些.
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词.这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等.如：
Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和.
Don't have the food.It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物,已经变质了.
The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的.
3.Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语.同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语.作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句.如：
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里.
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜.
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会.
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页.
4.Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”.如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物.
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事.
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb..如：
Please show me your picture.
-Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下.
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的.
5.Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”.担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等.如：
Keep the children quiet,please.请让孩子们安静下来.
He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色.
We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人.
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩.
注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to.如：
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作.
