开头可以先说自己读了什么文章
recently，I read a book called ...,it talked about ...
I think that....
或直接切主题
I learn something after reading a book called...
(一)引。指为“感”而引，引述阅读材料中与“感”有关的文字，以简洁、明快地提出观点、见解。以《读<画蛋>有感》为例，如果阐述“练好基本功的重要性”，可以这样引述：“达?芬奇是欧洲文艺复兴时期意大利的一位卓越画家，曾创作了《最后的晚餐》《蒙娜丽莎》等不朽的名作。可是，当我读完《画蛋》一文后，才知道这位艺术大师后来的艺术成就源自于画蛋。老师对他的第一次训练，并不是教他创作什么作品，而是让他画蛋，并告诫他说，不要以为画蛋容易，只有下一番苦功，反复练习，才能做到得心应手。老师的教诲和达?芬奇后来的巨大成功，都说明了练好基本功的重要。”如果阐述“学习必须虚心踏实，不能好高骛远”，那么引述时就要突出“达?芬奇虚心接受老师的教导，经过长期的艰苦的艺术实践，终成一代宗师”这一点。
(二)议。指对“感”作直接的、初步的论证，宜运用常理、公理，结合对原文的分析进行，回答自己确立的观点“为什么”正确。就上例而言，阐述“练好基本功的重要性”，可作如下论述：“为什么练好基本功重要呢?俗话说：‘万丈高楼平地起。’，没有坚实的‘地’，就不可能有万丈高楼的‘起’。没有画蛋练就的`得心应手的基本功，就不可能有《最后的晚餐》等不朽之作。画家达?芬奇的成功是这样，所有作家、科学家的成功同样是这样。”
(三)联。有两层含义。其一，联系实际。以自己的观点为依据，既可以联系自己的思想实际，又可以联系社会实际。前者应该反映自己的切身
(四)结。指归纳看法，总结全篇。这里也应注意“点缀”上原文的词句。
“引、议、联、结”是读后感的一般结构，习作者可在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用，适当变化，正所谓“文无定法”。但不管如何变化，都要做到“读”与“感”相交融，使全文成为一个严密的整体;同时，还要“感”得实在，“感”得有针对性。
一 开头万能公式：
1. 开头万能公式一：名人
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很好办：编!
原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?
经典句型：
A proverb says， “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)
更多经典句型：
As everyone knows， No one can deny that…
2.开头万能公式二：数字统计
原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在
According to a recent survey， about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的'时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
二 结尾万能公式：
1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此为过渡短语)， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeneand respect for others. www.xzhufu.com
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!
更多过渡短语：
to sum up， in conclusion， in brief， on account of this， thus
更多句型：
Thus， it can be concluded that…， Therefore， we can find that…
2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!
Obviously， it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢?
更多句型：
Accordingly， I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently， to solve the problem， some measures should be taken.
写作绝招二(文章主体段落三大杀手锏)
一、举实例
思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子!
In order to attract more customers， advertisers have adopted every possible simulative factor in ma-ki-ng ads， such as sound， light， colours， cartoon films and human performance. For instance， to advertise a certain food， advertisers will ask an actor or actreto sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
更多句型：
To take … as an example， One example is…， Another example is…， for example
二、做比较
方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的;
世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语：
相似的比较：
in comparison， likewise， similarly， in the same manner
相反的比较：
on the other hand， conversely， whereas， while， instead， nevertheless， in contrast， on the contrary， compared with …，
三、换言之
没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say， I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words， I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我们举过的例子：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say， I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
in more difficult language， in si-mp-ler words， put it more simply
一、开头句型
1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，…
3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，…
6.Its generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…
7.Its likely that … 这可能是因为…
8.Its hardly that… 这是很难的……
9.Its hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11.Theres no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.whats far more important is that… 更重要的是…
二、衔接句型
1.A case in point is … 一个典型的例子是…
2.As is often the case…由于通常情况下…
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5.But its a pity that… 但遗憾的是…
6.For all that…对于这一切…… In spite of the fact that…尽管事实……
7.Further, we hold opinion that… 此外，我们坚持认为，…
8.However , the difficulty lies in…然而，困难在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to… 同样，我们要注意…
10.not(that)…but(that)…不是，而是
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is… 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …
三、结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying… 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……
4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable…因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…通过数据我们得到的结论是，…
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看来……也许更好
四、举例句型
1.Lets take…to illustrate this.
2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3.Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of…
6.This offers a typical instance of…
7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…
五、常用于引言段的句型
1.Some people think that … 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2.For years, … has been seen as …， but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3.I believe the title statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…
4.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe…
5.My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6.Along with the development of…， more and more…随着……的发展，越来越多…
7.There is a long-running debate as to whether…有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…
8.It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…它通常是认为…
9.As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10.Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。
六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3.A and B differ in…
4.A differs from B in…
5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7.A…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8.While it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…
9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…
11.The most striking difference is that A…， while B…
七、演绎法常用的句型
1.There are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的.。
2.There are many factors that may account for…， but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…，但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows.
八、因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot.
4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot.由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
九、段首万能句子
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……更为糟糕的是……
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……
Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。(www..com)它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
Peoples opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?
十、中间段落万能句子
1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……最糟糕的是……
But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country“s development and construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……
There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______
5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another，______
6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……所有这些方法肯定会……
It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.
7.为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10.完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
十一、结尾万能句子
1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.
2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6.至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.
7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.
8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.
9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
