初中英语英语句型分类的知识点
等比句句型［主语（主体）+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］
1.HeisastallasI(am).2.Thiswindowisjustaswideasthatone.
3.Thisisjustasgoodanexampleastheother.4.DoesJohnworkashardasHenry?
5.Wehaveaccomplishedasmuchinthepastthreeyearsaswouldhavetakentenyearsinthepast.
[注]如果形容词后有一个单数可数名词,不定冠词应置于名词之前形容词后,如：HeisaspooraspeakerasI.
句型［主语+谓语+nomore形容词//副词（或no+形容词/副词比较级）+than+被比对象］
1.Sheisnolessdiligentthanhereldersister.2.Oneminutetoolateisnomoreintimethanhalfanhour.
3.ThefoodontheshipwasnobetterthanonanyothershiponwhichBillyhadsailed.
4.Wetoohaveaheadandtwohandsandarenostupiderthanothers.
5.China'swomen,nolessthanmen,areparticipatinginallkindsofworkinthesocialistconstructionoftheircountry.
[注]如果两个主语相比，谓语动词应与前一个保持一致关系。如：Henolessthanyouis(不是are)diligent.
[附注]表示等比的还有以下一些方式：
1)"…beequalto+被比对象"如：Adingledayisequaltotwentyyears.Instrength,heisequaltome.
2)"…beworth+被比对象"如：Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush
3)用其他词语表达：Threeearlymorningswillmakeaday.OnlyheinourclasscancopewithyouinknowledgeofEnglish.
差比句句型［主语+谓语+形容词比较级/副词比较级+(名词)+than+被比对象］
1.Toomuchhelpissometimesworsethannohelp.
2.Factsspeaklouderthaneloquence.(Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.)
3.Ourroomisalittlelargerthantheirsandithasmorefurnitureinit.
4.Lightdoesnottravelatthesamespeedthroughallmaterials;itgoesslowerthroughsomethanthroughothers.
[注]这种形容词组合还可以作定语，置于名词之后。如：Itfeedsonwormsandotherfishsmallerthanitself.
句型［主语+谓语+more/less+形容词原级/副词+than+被比对象］
1.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.
2.Heismoreattentiveinclassnowthanhewaslastterm.
3.It'slesscoldthanitwasyesterday.
4.Heworksmoreregularlythanyoudo.
5.Theneweditionislessexpensivethantheoldone.
[注1]使用比较级要注意两点：
1)不要使用双重比较级，如：(误)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmorestrongerthanhe.
(正)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmuchstrongerthanhe.Hisyoungerbrotherwasstrongerthanhe.
2)不要使用无比较对象的孤立的比较级。如：(误)Wesawmanysmallerhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.
(正)Wesawmanysmallhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.
(正)Wesawmanyhousessmallerthanusualonbothsidesoftheriver.
[注2]比较级前可加一些增强语气的词，如：much,even,still,alittle(bit),slightly,far,any,no,alot等。
Myroomisalittle(bit)smallerthanhers.Eighteenismuchlessthaneighty.
[注3]如果表示"因…而更…"可用句型the+比较级+for(或because,as等词)，
如：Ilikehimallthebetterforhisfaults.Idonotlikehimthelessbecausehehasfaults.
Heisnonethehappierforhiswealth.Agoodtaleisnonetheworseforbeingtwicetold.
句型［主语+谓语+notso/notas+形容词原级/副词+as+被比对象］
1.Tomisnotsotallashisbrother.(Tomislesstallthanhisbrother.)
2.Mr.Greenisnotsooldashelooks.3.Itisn'tascoldasitwasyesterday.
4.Johndoesn'tworksohardasHenry.
5.Dawneyansweredslowly:"Neversohappyaswhenmyhandsarefull.
句型［主语+谓语+以or结尾的形容词比较级+to+被比对象］
1.Hisstrengthissuperiorto(=greaterthan)mine.2.Myknowledgeisinferiorto(=lessthan)his.
3.Isyourfatherseniortomine?Myfatherisjuniortoyours.
4.HisarrivalinNewYorkisposteriortothatofmyfriend.
5.Coloredpeoplearebynomeansinferiortowhitepeople.
句型［被比对象(第一分句暗示某种程度)+主体(第二分句含比较级)］
1.Icaughtthelastbusfromtown;butHarrycamehomeevenlater.(HecamehomelaterthanI.)
2.TheLongMarchisgreat,buttheNewLongMarchwillbegreater,andmorearduous.
3.Dearasarefatherandmother,themotherlandisstilldearer.
4.Oneofmysuitcasesissmall,andtheotheroneismedium.
句型［主语+谓语+absolutesuperiorityover+被比对象］
［主语+谓语+above/nextto+被比对象］［主语+can'tcomparewith+被比对象］
1.Thesocialistsystemhasdemonstratedabsolutesuperiorityoverthecapitalistone.
2.Thepriceofwisdomisaboverubies.3.Welovetruthaboveeverythingelse.
4.Aslongasmenlive,waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.
5.NexttotheYangtze,theYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinourcountry.
6.Itisworthnexttonothing.7.HowcouldNapoleoncomparewithLenin?
8.Thesituationoftheenemycannotcomparewithours.
[附注]关于等差句有以下几点需要注意：
1)句型16"nottospeakof"等词组也可用以表示差比,如:Evenaworm,whentroddenon,willturn,nottospeakofamanoutraged.
2)former,latter,elder等形容词,词尾虽然是比较级形式,但它们永远不用于比较句中,也不能跟than,如：Hewillcomehereinthelatterpartofyear.
3)等差既可以指出相差的数目,(用by+数词表示)也可以指出相差的范围,如:of+名词,withregardto,inpointof,withrespectto,withreferenceto,withrelationto,inthesphereof,inthefieldof等等。例句:Sheisthemorepatientofthetwo.Inpointofcommerce,ShanghaiismoreprosperousthanNanjing.Withreferencetoterritory,ChinaislargerthanAmerica.
4)有些语句的词序变动较大阅读和翻译时要弄清其结构。如：Easiersaidthandone.(=Itiseasiertobesaidthantobedone.)Inscience,morethaninanyotherhumaninstitution,itisnecessarytosearchoutthepastinordertounderstandthepresentandtocontrolthefuture.(=Itismorenecessaryinsciencethaninanyotherhumaninstitutiontosearchout…)
有时一个词的原级和比较级在一同结构的句中会产生不同的意义，如：Ifhewastenyearsold,hewouldunderstandit.≠Ifhewastenyearsolder,hewouldunderstandit.
5)要注意避免不合理的比较。如：（误）Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanhisuncle.
（正）Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanthatofhisuncle.Hisfather'sfacelooksolderthanhisuncle's.
极比句句型［…the形容词最高级/副词最高级+(名词)+范围词…］
1.ThisistheeasiestbookI'veeverread.2.Mrs.Thomsonworkshardestofall.
3.Dictionariesarelikewatches;theworstisbetterthannone,andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue.4.ItisourgreatesthappinesstodedicateouryouthtotheNewLongMarch.
5.Theleastmeansshallbeusedtoachievethegreatestend.6.Whichoftheboysstudiesbest?
句型［…themost/least形容词原级/副词+(名词)+范围词…］
1.Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.2.You'retheonewhowritesthemostcorrectly.
3."Howisyourwatch?"-"Mywatchgoesthemostaccurately."
4.Themostshort-sightedmancouldseethatataglance,withhisnakedeyes,"saidMartin.
5.Lightwavestravelmostquicklythroughair,theygomuchslowerthroughwaterandevenslowerthroughglass.
[注1]"bestofall"表示肯定的最;"leastofall"表示否定的最，如：Ilikeswimmingbestofall.
Ilikethatleastofall.Theleast用作最高级时，往往被其后面的形容词的反义词的最高级所取代。如:Thisisthemostdifficult(不用theleasteasy)bookI'veeverread.Thisisthemostuninteresting(很少用theleastinteresting)bookofthethree.
[注2]两个概念的表示法：1)若干个最大中的一个可用"oneof+最高级"表示,如:"Whatabouthorse-racing?"-"IshouldsaythatthatisoneofthemostpopularsportsinGreatBritain."
2)"第2,3,4…大"可用"the序数词+最高级"表示,如：Myhometownisthesecondlargestcityinourprovince.
[注3]most前，如果没有the,则不是表示比较，而表示"很","非常",如:Thepresentworldsituationismostfavorableforthepeople.Themeetingproceededinamostfriendlyatmosphere.
句型［…否定词…+比较级…］
1.Ineversawaprettiersight.2.Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.
3.Iwillsaythis,thatthebestshotinexistencecouldnothavedoneitmorebeautifully
4."Howaboutagameofbridge?"-"Ican'tthinkofabetteridea."
5.Whenyoucometothinkofit,thereisnothingintheworldmorepotent-andmoreimpotent-thanwords
[注]从反面表达最高比较级的方式很多，甚至可以不用比较级的词语，如：
Nothingancientormodernseemstocomenearit.(comenear与…相比)
Inpointofstrength,heissecondtonone.(secondtonone独一无二)
Nooneistobecomparedwithhimforresourcefulness.Hehasnoequalinplayingping-pongball.
句型［…否定词语…+so+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］
1.NocountrysufferedsomuchasEngland.2.NowarissogreatastheEuropeanwar.
3.ThereisnothingIlikesomuchasplayingfootball.4.Nothingissoeasyasthis.
5.Noneissoblindasthosethatwon'tsee.
[注]极比句中表示范围的词语，除了用差比句附注第三列出的词以外，还有以下几种。
1)用that引出的从句表示范围:Thatisthemostimportantdiscovery(that)evermadebyman.
2)用in引出的短语表示范围:Thisisthebusieststreetinthecity.
3)用of引出的短语表示范围:OfallthewritersofthetimeLuShunenjoyedthegreatestpopularityamongthepeople.
4)用其他介词短语表示:Mr.Zhuisthestrictestamongtheteachersofourschool.Itisthefinestthingunderthesun.
5)用条件句表示范围:"IfthereisonethingIdonotlike,itisacryingchild…"
"Ifthereisascoundreluponearth,thatscoundrel'snameisHEEP."
比例句句型［(从句)The+形容词比较级/副词比较级…,(主句)the+形容词比较级/副词比较级…］(第1个the是关系副词，有"byhowmuch"之意，第2个the是指示副词，有"bysomuch"之意。)
1.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.
2.Thesoonerwebeginourwork,thesoonerweshallfinishit.
3.Themoreamanknows,themorehediscovershisignorance.
4."Howlongishegoingtostaythere?"-"Idon'tknowexactly,but…thelongerhestaysthebetter."
5.ThemoreIthinkofit,thehappierIam.
[注1]当比较级作表语而又不处于句首时,可以不用the相关联。如：Whenweencountermoredifficulties,weshouldbemorespirited;whenwearemoreatdanger,weshouldbemorecourageous.
[注2]注意本句型可省略的成分较多,常见于谚语、俗语中如：Thesooner,thebetter.
=thesooneryoudoitthebetteritwillbe.=Byhowmuchsooneryoudoit,bysomuchbetteritwillbe.
=Inwhateverdegreesooneryoudoit,inthatdegreebetteritwillbe.Themore,themerrier.Themore,thebetter.
[注3]还有一些带比较级的词组，也含有比例发展的'意味；但这些词组多用于表示同一事物的发展程度，一般不带被比对象。1)"…ever+比较级+(and+比较级)…"如：Thestorygetsevermoreexciting.
Ourcountryisgrowingeverricherandstronger.
2)"…+比较级+and+比较级…"如：…hispoorcheekhasturnedeverthinnerandpaler.
3) "…the+比较级…"这大多是一种习惯用语。如：Somuchtheworse.achangefortheworseallthemore=moreandmore
择比句句型［Better+(主语)形容词或副词/名词/(to)动词原形…+than+被比对象］
1.Betterlatethannever.2.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.
3.Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.
4.Bettersaynothingthannothingtothepurpose.
5.Betterdiestandingthanlivekneeling.(=itisbettertodiestandingthantolivekneeling.)
[注]注意本句型可省略被比对象,如：Betterbewiththedead.Betterletthefurnacecoolabit.
句型［主语+had(would)rather+动词原形…+than+动词原形…］
［主语+谓语+ratherthan+动词原形…］
1.Iwould(或had)ratherjoinyouinresearchworkthangoonholidaytotheseaside.
2.Theywouldratherdieasfreementhanliveasslaves.
3."Iwouldratherdiewithmyheadhigh,withindestructiblefaithandprofoundbeliefinthedestinyofourcountry,thanliveinhumilityandrenouncetheprincipleswhicharesacredtome."
4.Oliverfellonhisknees,claspinghishandstogether,andbeggedthemtokillhimiftheypleasedratherthansendhimawaywiththatdreadfulman.5.Heinsistedonstayingratherthango
句型［主语+prefer+名词或动名词A+to+名词或动名词B…］
［主语+prefer+不定式A+ratherthan+不定式B…］
1.IpreferredtheseruinstoKate'spointedyellowboots.2.Heprefersdoingtotalking.
3.Therevolutionariespreferreddeathtodishonor.4.Iprefertoworkratherthan(to)sitidle.
5.Hepreferstowritehislettersratherthandictateothers.
[注1]注意本句型的两式不可混用。不可说"Ipreferdoingthisratherthanthat."只能说"Ipreferdoingthisto(doing)that.或Iprefertodothisratherthandothat.
[注2]prefer的派生词preferable,preference也都可用以表示择比。有以下方式：
1)"名词A+be+preferableto+名词B"如：Thisispreferabletothat.
2)"…名词A+in+preferenceto+名词B"如：Afterthenounreason,usethatinpreferencetobecause.
3)"…preferencefor+名词A+to+名词B"如：IhaveapreferenceforChinesetoforeignnovels.
句型［主语+wouldsooner+动词原形…than+动词原形…］
［Soonerthan+动词原形…(主句)主语+would+动词原形…］
1.Iwouldsoonerdiethandosuchathing.
2.Mr.Miltonwouldsoonerresignthantakepartinsuchdishonestbusinessdeals.
3.Soonerthandosuchwork,Iwouldstarve.
4.Soonerthanmarrythatman,Evawouldearnherlivingasawaitress.
句型［主语+would(had)…assoon/aslief+…as+被弃对象］
1.Ihadassoonyoubrokehisneckashisfinger.
2.Iwould(just)assoonstayathomeasgoforawalk.
3.Hewouldassoonkillhimselfasbetrayhiscountry.
4.Iwouldaslief(assoon)dieasliveindishonor.
5.Iwould(had)asliefjointheEighthRouteArmyasanything.
句型［主语+…choose+名词A+before+名词B］［主语+before+从句］
1.Aheroshouldchoosedeathbeforedishonor.2.Hechosethisbeforeallothers.
3.IamwillingtoworkmyselftodeathbeforeIgiveup.4.Iwoulddoanythingbeforethat.
5.Wewouldsoonerdiefightingfirstbeforeweallowthistohappentous.
[注]其他如first,leave…for或两个独立分句等也可表示择比，如：Hesaidhewouldresignfirst.
Heleftthebarforthepen.Ilikegeography,butIpreferhistory.
对比句句型［（第一并列分句）+while/whereas+（第二并列分句）］
1.Theenemyrotswitheverypassingday,whileforusthingsaregettingbetterdaily.
2.Thestrengthofthecollectiveisboundless,whilethatoftheindividualisverylimited.
3.Wisemenlovetruth,whereasfoolsshunit.
4.Youcanalsoseethatthereisagrandpiano,whereasoursisanupright.
句型［（第一并列分句）+butonthecontrary+（第二并列分句）］
1.Ihavenotnearlydone.Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.
2.Idonotadmirethatman,butonthecontrary,Ihaveagreatcontemptforhim.
3.Youthinkmeidle,butonthecontrary,Iamverybusy.
4.Wearebecomingstrongerandstrongeraswefightand,onthecontrary,ourenemyisgettingmoreexhaustedasthewardragson.
[注1]与本句型相似的词组还有：1)"Contraryto+名词"如：Contrarytowhatwehadexpected,hedidn'tcome.
2)"Incontrastto+名词"如：Incontrastto(或with)capitalism,thereisnothinginthesocialisteconomicsystemtocausewar.3)"Inoppositionto+名词"如：Inoppositiontomywishes,youdidn'tstudyhard.
[注2]与本句型意义相反的是"如同…一样",参考下面句式：
"Justas+从句","Justlike+从句":JustasKarlMarxdid,heregardedaforeignlanguageasaweaponinthestruggleoflife.=JustlikeKarlMarx,heregardedaforeignlanguageasaweaponinthestruggleoflife.
句型［If+从句,(then)+主句］
1.Ifagovernmentusesfascisticmethodstosuppressothers,itisonlyonestepremovedfromusingthesamemethodsagainstitsownpeople.
2.Ifthedesertcanbecalledthesea,thenthecamelsaretheshipsinit.
3.Ifinthecapitalistworldtheworkingpeopletoilonlyinordernottodieofhunger,theninourcountrycreativelaborisconsideredasathinggloriousandheroic.
4.Ifthisshouldbetrue,(then)thatwillbewrong.
[注]表示对比意义的方式是比较多的，这里主要指出两种。
1)利用句子成分相同或相似的平行结构来表示，如：
Wethat(that是古旧用法)aresunderedinsorrowmaymeetagaininjoy.
Booksarethebestofthingsifwellused;ifabused,amongtheworst.
2)"As…so…"也可以表示对比意义，如：Asthebeeslovesweetness,sodothefliesloverottenness.
