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英汉双语朗读短句

时间:2024-10-12 06:19:49

英汉双语诗歌

  英汉双语诗歌:我和祖国一起走过

  Climboverfivethousandyears,

  Sidebannerwillgiveyouthebright,

  Mydearmotherland.

  Hence,

  Iamnotgoingtocrawl,

  Hence,

  Iwillnotbesubjectedtoslavery,

  Hence,

  mymonumentinthenewChina,

  Straightintoastandoftrees.

  Trees,

  Iamjustanordinarytree.

  SpraycannotbeturnedintothenewChinawillbesingingthesongsaroundtheclock;

  CloudscannotbecomeanewChinadressChinaandtheUnitedStatesmovement.

  Iamjustanormaltree,

  Incomingsandstandingplace

  Withmybrothersandsisterstogether

  Formymotherlandgreenbarrierserected.

  Iamjustanormaltree,

  Standingontheshoreofthechoppy,

  Withmybrothersandsisterstogether

  FormycountrytoincreasethestrengthofHaiphong.

  Iamjustanormaltree,

  Standingoniceandsnowofthenorthsky,

  Withmybrothersandsisterstogether

  Formysculptureimageofthemotherland.

  Iamjustanormaltree,

  Hotsideofthesouth,

  Withmybrothersandsisterstogether

  Formycountrytoopenupacoolroad.

  Iamjustanormaltree,

  EvenifIfall,

  Alsoletthespeedingtrain,

  WithyoungChinese,

  Tobreakthroughthefogoffinancialcrisis,

  Directaccesstothefullgloryofanewera.

  爬过五千年的沟沟坎坎,

  将一面鲜艳的旗帜交给你,

  我亲爱的祖国。

  从此,

  我不再爬行,

  从此,

  我不再遭受奴役,

  从此,

  我的腰杆在新中国的丰碑下,

  挺立成一棵笔直的树木。

  树木,

  我只是一棵平常的树木。

  不能变成浪花将新中国的赞歌日夜高唱;

  也不能变成云朵装扮新中国的华美乐章。

  我只是一棵平常的`树木,

  站在风沙来袭的地方,

  与我的兄弟姐妹一道,

  为我的祖国筑起一道绿色的屏障。

  我只是一棵平常的树木,

  站在波涛汹涌的岸边,

  与我的兄弟姐妹一道,

  为我的祖国增加海防的力量。

  我只是一棵平常的树木,

  站在冰雪满天的北国,

  与我的兄弟姐妹一道,

  为我的祖国雕塑英姿飒爽的形象。

  我只是一棵平常的树木,

  站在酷热难耐的南方,

  与我的兄弟姐妹一道,

  为我的祖国开辟一条阴凉的大道。

  我只是一棵平常的树木,

  即使我倒下,考试就到

  也要让飞驰的列车,

  带着年轻的中国,

  冲破金融危机的迷雾,

  直达光辉灿烂的新纪元。


伊索寓言英汉双语故事

  原文:

  AHound,whohadbeenexcellentoneinhistime,andhaddonegoodservicetohismasterinthefield,atlengthbecomewornoutwiththeweightofyearsandtrouble.Oneday,whenhuntingthewildboar,heseizedthecreaturebytheear,buthisteethgivingway,hewasforcedtoletgohishold,andtheboarescaped.Uponthisthehuntsman,comingup,severelyratehim.ButthefeebleDogreplied:"Spareyouroldservant!itwasthepowernotnotthewillthatfailedme.RememberratherwhatIwas,thanabusemeforwhatIam.

  词汇:

  inhistime想当年

  atlength后来,最后

  wornout累垮了

  theweightofyearsandtrouble长年劳累

  seized...bytheear咬住...的耳朵

  giveway让步

三字经英汉双语

  三字经英语译文

  人之初性本善性相近习相远

  menattheirbirth,

  arenaturallygood.

  theirnaturesaremuchthesame;

  theirhabitsbecomewidelydifferent.

  苟不教性乃迁教之道贵以专

  iffollishlythereisnoteaching,

  thenaturewilldeteriorate.

  therightwayinteaching,

  istoattachtheutmostimportance

  inthoroughness.

  昔孟母择邻处子不学断机杼

  ofold,themotherofmencius

  choseaneighbourhood

  andwhenherchildwouldnotlearn,

  shebroketheshuttlefromtheloom.

  窦燕山有义方教五子名俱扬

  touoftheswallowhills

  hadtherightmethod

  hetaughfiveson,

  eachofwhomraisedthefamilyreputation.

  养不教父之过教不严师之惰

  tofeedwithoutteaching,

  isthefather'sfault.

  toteachwithoutseverity,

  istheteacher'slaziness.

  子不学非所宜幼不学老何为

  ifthechilddoesnotlearn,

  thisisnotasitshouldbe.

  ifhedoesnotlearnwhileyoung,

  whatwillhebewhenold?

  玉不琢不成器人不学不知义

  ifjadeisnotpolished,

  itcannotbecomeathingofuse.

  ifamandoesnotlearn,

  hecannotknowhisdutytowardshisneighbour.

  为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪

  hewhoisthesonofaman,

  whenheisyoung,

  shouldattachhimselftohisteachersandfriends;

  andpractiseceremonialusages.

  香九龄能温席孝於亲所当执

  hsiang,atnineyearsofage,

  couldwarmhisparent'sbed.

  filialpietytowardsparents,

  isthattowhichweshouldholdfast.

  融四岁能让梨弟於长宜先知

  jung,atfouryearsofage,

  couldyieldthe(bigger)pears.

  tohehaveasayoungerbrothertowardselders,

  isoneofthefirstthingstoknow.

  首孝弟次见闻知某数识某文

  beginwithfilialpietyandfraternallove,

  andthenseeandhear.

  learntocount,

  andlearntoread.

  一而十十而百百而千千而万

  unitsandtens,

  thentensandhundreds,

  hundredsandthousands,

  thousandsandthentensofthousands.

  三才者天地人三光者日月星

  thethreeforces,

  areheaven,earthandman.

  thethreeluminaries,

  arethesun,themoonandthestars.

  三纲者君臣义父子亲夫妇顺

  thethreebonds,

  aretheobligationbetweensoverignandsubject,

  thelovebetweenfatherandchild,

  theharmonybetweenhusbandandwife.

  曰春夏曰秋冬此四时运不穷

  wespeakofspringandsummer,

  wespeakofautumnandwinter,

  thesefourseasons,

  revolvewithoutceasing.

  曰南北曰西东此四方应乎中

  wespeakofnorthandsouth,

  wespeakofeastandwest,

  thesefourpoints,

  respondtotherequirementsofthecentre.

  曰火水木金土此五行本乎数

  wespeakofwater,fire,

  wood,metalandearth.

  thesefiveelements,

  havetheirorigininnumber.

  曰仁义礼智信此五常不容紊

  wespeakofcharity,ofdutytowardsoneneighbour,

  ofpropriety,ofwisdom,andoftruth.

  thesefivevirtues,

  admitofnocompromise.

  稻粱菽麦黍稷此六谷人所食

  rice,spike,millet,pulse

  wheat,glutinousmilletandcommonmillet,

  thesesixgrains,

  arethosewhichmeneat.

  马牛羊鸡犬豕此六畜人所饲

  thehorse,theox,thesheep,

  thefowl,thedog,thepig.

  thesesixanimals,

  arethosewhichmenkeep.

  曰喜怒曰哀惧爱恶欲七情具

  wespeakofjoy,ofanger

  wespeakofpity,offear,

  oflove,ofhateandofdesire.

  thesearethesevenpassions.

  匏土革木石金与丝竹乃八音

  thegound,earthenware,skin

  wood,stonemetal,

  silkandbamboo,

  yieldtheeightmusicalsounds.

  高曾祖父而身身而子子而孙

  greatgreatgrandfather,greatgrandfather,grandfather,

  fatherandself,

  selfandson,

  sonandgrandson,

  自子孙至玄曾乃九族人之伦

  fromsonandgrandson,

  ontogreatgrandsonandgreatgreatgrandson.

  thesearethenineagnates,

  constitutingthekinshipsofman.

  父子恩夫妇从兄则友弟则恭

  affectionbetweenfatherandchild,

  harmonybetweenhusbandandwife,

  friendlinessonthepartofelderbrothers,

  respectfulnessonthepartofyoungerbrothers,

  长幼序友与朋君则敬臣则忠

  procedence(??)betweeneldersandyoungers,(probably:precedence)

  asbetweenfriendandfriend.

  respectonthepartofthesovereign,

  loyaltyonthepartofthesubject.

  此十义人所同

  thesetenobligations,

  arecommontoallmen.

  凡训蒙须讲究详训诂名句读

  intheeducationoftheyoung,

  thereshouldbeexplanationandeluciation,

  carefulteachingoftheinterpretationsofcommentators,

  anddueattentiontoparagraphsandsentences.

  为学者必有初小学终至四书

  thosewhoarelearners,

  musthaveabeginning.

  the'littlelearning'finished,

  theyproceedtothefourbooks.

  论语者二十篇群弟子记善言

  thereisthelunyu(discourseoranalects),

  intwentysections.

  inthis,thevariousdisciples,

  haverecordedthewisesayingsofconfucious.

  孟子者七篇止讲道德说仁义

  theworksofmencius,

  havecomprisedinsevensection.

  theseexplainthewayandexemplificationsthereof,

  andexpoundclarityanddutytowardsone'sneighbour.

  作中庸子思笔中不偏庸不易

  thechungyung(thedoctrineofthemean),

  bythepenoftzu-su;

  chung(themiddle)beingthatwhichodesnotleantoward!sanyside,

  yung(thecourse)beingthatwhichcannotbechanged.

  作大学乃曾子自修齐至平治

  hewhowrotethe'greatlearning'

  wasthephilosophertseng.

  beginningwithcultivationoftheindividualandorderingofthefamily,

  itgoesontogovernmentofone'sownstateandorderingofthefamily.

  孝经通四书熟如六经始可读

  whenthe'classicoffilialpiety'ismastered,

  andthe'fourbooks'areknownbyheart.

  thenextstepistothe'sixclassics',

  whichmaynowbestudied.

  诗书易礼春秋号六经当讲求

  thebooksofpoetry,ofhistoryandofchanges.

  the'ritesofchoudynasty,thebookoftites,andthe'springandautum

  annals'

  arethesixclassics

  whichshouldbecarefullyexplainedandanalysed.

  有连山有归藏有周易三易详

  thereisthelienshansystem,

  thereisthekueitsang

  andthereisthesystemofchangesofthechoudynasty,

  sucharethe3systemswh!ichelucidatethechanges.

  有典谟有训诰有誓命书之奥

  therearetheregulationsandthecounsels,

  theinstruction,theannoucements,

  theoaths,thecharges,

  thesearetheprofunditiesofthebookofhistory.

  我周公作周礼著六官存治

  ourdukeofchou,

  drewuptheritualofthechoudynasty,

  inwhichhesetforththedutiesofthesixclassesofofficials;

  andthusgaveasettledformtothegovernment.

  大小戴注礼记述圣言礼乐备

  theelderandtheyoungertai,

  wrotecommentariesonthebookofrites.

  theypublishtheholywords,

  andceremoniesandmusicweresetinorder.

  曰国风曰雅颂号四诗当讽咏

  wespeakofthekuofeng,

  wespeakoftheyaandthesung.

  thesearethefoursectionsofthebookofpoetry,

  whichshouldbehummedoverandover.

  诗既亡春秋作寓褒贬别善恶

  whenodesceasedtobemade,

  thespringandautumnannalswereproduced.

  th!eseannalscontainpraiseandblame,

  anddistinguishthegoodfromthebad.

  三传者有公羊有左氏有彀梁

  thethreecommentariesupontheabove,

  includethatofkung-yang,

  thatoftso

  andthatofku-liang

  英语三字经(中英文对照)

  人之初性本善性相近习相远

  Menattheirbirth,

  arenaturallygood.

  Theirnaturesaremuchthesame;

  theirhabitsbecomewidelydifferent.

  苟不教性乃迁教之道贵以专

  Iffollishlythereisnoteaching,

  thenaturewilldeteriorate.

  Therightwayinteaching,

  istoattachtheutmostimportance

  inthoroughness.

  昔孟母择邻处子不学断机杼

  Ofold,themotherofMencius

  choseaneighbourhood

  andwhenherchildwouldnotlearn,

  shebroketheshuttlefromtheloom.

  窦燕山有义方教五子名俱扬

  TouoftheSwallowHills

  hadtherightmethod

  Hetaughfiveson,

  eachofwhomraisedthefamilyreputation.

  养不教父之过教不严师之惰

  Tofeedwithoutteaching,

  isthefath!er'sfault.

  Toteachwithoutseverity,

  istheteacher'slaziness.

  子不学非所宜幼不学老何为

  Ifthechilddoesnotlearn,

  thisisnotasitshouldbe.

  Ifhedoesnotlearnwhileyoung,

  whatwillhebewhenold?

  玉不琢不成器人不学不知义

  Ifjadeisnotpolished,

  itcannotbecomeathingofuse.

  Ifamandoesnotlearn,

  hecannotknowhisdutytowardshisneighbour.

  为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪

  Hewhoisthesonofaman,

  whenheisyoung,

  shouldattachhimselftohisteachersandfriends;

  andpractiseceremonialusages.

  香九龄能温席孝於亲所当执

  Hsiang,atnineyearsofage,

  couldwarm(hisparent's)bed.

  Filialpietytowardsparents,

  isthattowhichweshouldholdfast.

  融四岁能让梨弟於长宜先知

  Jung,atfouryearsofage,'Y')

  couldyieldthe(bigger)pears.

  Tohehaveasayoungerbrothertowardselders,

  isoneofthefirstth!ingstoknow.

  首孝弟次见闻知某数识某文

  Beginwithfilialpietyandfraternallove,

  andthenseeandhear.

  Learntocount,

  andlearntoread.

  一而十十而百百而千千而万

  unitsandtens,

  thentensandhundreds,

  hundredsandthousands,

  thousandsandthentensofthousands.

  三才者天地人三光者日月星

  Thethreeforces,

  areheaven,earthandman.

  Thethreeluminaries,

  arethesun,themoonandthestars.

  三纲者君臣义父子亲夫妇顺

  Thethreebonds,

  aretheobligationbetweensoverignandsubject,

  thelovebetweenfatherandchild,

  theharmonybetweenhusbandandwife

浅谈英汉诗歌翻译

  文学翻译可以说是一种文化意境的传达,诗歌翻译尤其如此。因为诗歌翻译乃文学翻译的极高境界,翻译文学中之极致,诗歌极具丰富的文体特征和艺术内涵,用最简练的语言表达着人类最丰富的情感和世间最复杂的意象,这种情感和意象便构成了诗歌所特有的文化意境。诗歌中的意境通常为一个民族所特有,代表着这个民族的独特的精神风貌。所以,诗歌翻译在讲求音美、形美的同时,最重要的是传递它的骨髓所在,即诗歌的“文化意境”。

  一、英汉诗歌有着不同文化意境

  一首好诗,往往是意中有境,境中有意,读后沁人心脾,耐人寻味,译者应对原作心领神会,译者与作者神思契合,力求浑然一体,否则,译者只拘泥于原文表层结构,译文必然貌合神离,韵味全无。因此,绝不可把译诗看作语言表层结构的机械移植过程,必须深入深层结构,发掘原诗的真实意境,并使之以原有的神韵再现于译文中。

  1.诗歌的意境首先体现在不同民族的文化词的运用上。例如,在我国古典诗歌中,“南浦”被赋予了某种离别的情境,而“风”,“月”,“燕”,“笛”,“秋水”,“婵娟”,“梅”,“菊”等字词,它们也都被赋予了独特的文化内涵,其独特的联想和情趣是西方人难以理解的;同样,由于文化背景的不同,英文中的一些词汇对于我们来说也比较陌生,“westwind”、“castle”、“shepherd”、“lamb”等词语,所给予我们的意象也与英美人的本意不同。英国诗人雪莱的名诗《西风颂》中的“westwind”代表温暖和煦,给世界带来新生,而在我们的文化中,只有东风才被赋予如此的意义和意境。

  2.在诗的整体韵味上,一般来讲,英美人作诗是对思维内容及其过程的逻辑展现,推崇清晰、确定和单纯;而中国诗歌,如冯友兰先生曾提到过“富于暗示,而不是明晰得一览无余”(冯友兰,中国哲学简史),强调了我国诗歌的含蓄无垠。明朝谢榛在《四溟诗话》中说道:“凡作诗不宜逼真,如朝行远望,清山佳色,隐然可爱,其烟霞变幻,难于名状,及登临非复奇观,唯片石数树而已。”这说明了诗歌意境犹如欣赏山水,清淡、质朴、刚柔相济而又神韵悠长,诗意在可言与不可言之间,也有了可解与不可解之会。例如“孤帆远影碧空尽,唯见长江天际流”,“孤帆”,“远影”,“碧空”之间没有任何关连词,直接拼在一起,画面感极强。它们之间是什么关系,读者可凭它们之间的联系去想象和补充。一个汉字往往就是一个意象,而汉字的组合往往能取得一副动感画(motionpecture)的艺术效果。

  与汉诗现比,英诗的意象表达更加率直清晰,意象间的语法关系逻辑性更强。虚词一般不能省略。请看拜伦的一首诗。

  Adieuadieu!Mynativeshore

  Fadeso’erthewatersblue

  Thenight-windssigh,thebreakersroar,

  Andshrieksthewindsea-mew.

  Yonsunthatsetsuponthesea

  Wefollowinhisflight.

  Farewellawiletohimandthee,

  Mynativeland-GoodNight!

  这几行诗语言浅显率直,诗人把故乡拟人化(personification),与之轻声慢语话别。诗的逻辑关系严密,意象间关系确定,意象深沉阔大,不露痕迹。

  二、英汉诗歌翻译时易出现的文化障碍

  1.诗歌翻译中常见的文化障碍,往往并非出于原诗晦涩难解,而是望文生义。著名翻译家杨宪益和夫人戴乃迭在谈到英国翻译家亚瑟·威利翻译的《诗经》(TheBookofSongs)时,称其译作有很高的学术水平,不愧为翻译杰作,但也指出,他把《诗经》翻译得像“英国诗歌”。比如,译作把周朝的农夫塑造成类似欧洲中世纪田园诗中描叙的农民的形象。另外,译文中使用了“castles”和“clergymen”等词,这和中国文化中的农夫形象相去甚远。

  2.许多醇美的名篇佳作经过翻译,不仅破坏了原诗中浓浓的意境,而且容易导致南辕北辙的文化错位,在越来越多的文化交流活动中,这不能不引起我们的高度重视。例如,马致远的著名小令《天净沙·秋思》的首句“枯藤老树昏鸦”,试比较一下它的几个译文:

  译文1:Crowshoveringoverruggedtreesweatheredruggedwithrottenvinethedayisaboutdone.

  译文2:Withredvineshangingonoldbranches,

  Returningcrowscroakingatdusk,

  译文3:Driedvines,anoldtree,eveningcrows,

  译文4:Witheredvines,oldentrees,eveningcrows,

  原诗句给人印象最深的是,除了将3个苍凉的意象并列外,无任何多余的笔墨,精练隽永,各意象之间的方位和逻辑关系在原诗中没有明示,乌鸦是盘旋还是栖息在老树上?亦或是在枯藤上?枯藤是缠绕着树干还是树枝?乌鸦正归巢吗?它发出了叫声吗?这些结论留待读者依自己的认知语境推理得出正如司空表圣《诗品·含蓄》中曰“不着一字,尽得风流”,“不着”者,不是指一个字也不“着”,而是不多“着”,好比用形象来表达情意,只讲形象,不用一字来点出情意,就像图画上的空白,音乐中的休止,别有一番韵味。前两段译文都将其显化,堵塞了读者的想象空间,其独特的语境效果也就无法实现;后两段译文在这方面则做得较好,传达了原诗含蓄的文化韵味。

  三、英汉诗歌翻译中文化意境传达的原则

  1.诗歌很美,往往就是因为它的用词,以及透过语义系统所表达出来的意境。

  如刘方平有一首诗《月夜》,

  更深月色半人家,

  北斗阑于南斗斜。

  今夜偏知春气暖,

  虫声新透绿窗纱。

  Jenyns把它译为:

  Inthedepthofnightthemoonlightfloodsonesideofthehouseofmen,

  TheGreatBearhasdroppedcrosswiseandtheSouthernDipperisaslant;

  Thiseveningonereallyfeelsthatthespringairiswarm,

  Forthefirsttimethesoundsofinsectspenetratemywindowofgreengauze.

  原诗是说诗人十分敏感,一听到虫声就知道春气回暖,但译诗却把“今夜偏知春气暖”改为“今夜偏觉春气暖”,使观察敏锐,见微知著的诗人的面貌大大褪色。可见,在翻译之前,必须先理解原诗的意思,对原诗的语言进行分析,不仅要从语义,还要从语法、语音、修辞等方面进行分析。

  2.翻译应最大程度地传达诗歌的意境,把某一国家或民族的文化神髓原汁原味地展现出来,达到文化传达的目的。英国诗人、翻译家德南姆认为,译诗必须保留“火焰”,即原诗的活的灵魂,诗歌翻译应崇尚异化,异化策略是最大限度地展示原语文化风采的'一种策略。采用这种策略的译作力图保持原文的语言和文化特点,让译语读者感受异域风情,感受到另一种文化的存在及其独特的魅力。虽然采用这种策略的译作有时会增加阅读难度,却力图最大限度地传达文化信息,进而促进文化交流。

  采用归化策略翻译的译作,则会掩盖不同文化之间的差异以及原作的历史感,将某些文化的价值形态强加给了原作。从长远和文化的意义上看,采用这种策略会渐渐消弭不同文化的历史差异,使异域文化的意味消失殆尽,其结果与“文化传达”的目的相违背。

  比较好的例子有美国的庞德,成功地翻译了不少中国诗歌,并对美国意象派诗歌的形成和发展产生了巨大影响。李白有一首诗《长干行》,“十五始展眉,愿同尘与灰,常存抱柱信,岂上望夫台?”庞德把它译为:Atfifteen,Istoppedscowling,/Idesiredmydusttobemingledwithyours,/Foreverandforeverandforever,/WhyshouldIclimbthelookout?译作基本上秉承了原诗的整体韵味,中国传统的、坚贞的夫妻之情跃然纸上。严格地说,庞德在译这首诗的时候,并没有句比字译,“常存抱柱信”就在译语中出现缺失,但这并没有损害原诗意的传达,这体现了“异化”,并没有死板地“字译”或“直译”,由此可见,完全可以采用多种翻译方法,译出原诗意境。只要整体把握得好,文章直译也是可以的,这样反而能减少文化信息的错误传达;有些译作还附有注释,这样,译文不拘一格,这些努力为真正文化交流作了很好的尝试。

  总之,诗歌翻译应注意异域文化的传达,从各个角度,采用不同的策略与方法,将不同的文化意境营造体现出来,才有利于不同文化的传播与交流。

  【参考文献】

  [1]冯友兰.中国哲学简史[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.

  [2]袁行沛.中国诗歌艺术研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987.

  [3]吴钧陶.唐诗三百首[M].长沙:湖南出版社,1997.

  [4]谭哉喜.西方翻译简史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1991.

  [5][英]彼得·琼斯.意象派诗歌》[M].桂林:漓江出版社,1986.

  [6][美]约翰丁·迪尼、刘介民主编,现代中西比较文学研究[M],1988.