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读古代名言故事二则

时间:2024-11-16 05:33:50

成语故事是我国历史的一部分,成语是历史的积淀,每一个成语的背后都有一个含义深远的故事,一起来看看古代经典成语故事,仅供大家参考!谢谢!

伯乐相马

传说天上管理马匹的神仙叫伯乐。在人间,人们把精于鉴别马匹优劣的人也称为伯乐。

第一个被称作伯乐的人本名孙阳,他是春秋时代的人。由于他对马的研究非常出色,人们便忘记了他本来的名字,干脆称他为伯乐,一直到现在。

一次,伯乐受楚王的委托,购买能日行千里的骏马。伯乐向楚王说明,千里马少有,找起来不容易,需要到各地巡访,请楚王不必着急,他尽力将事情办好。

伯乐跑了好几个国家,仔细寻访盛产名马的燕赵一带,辛苦倍至,但还是没发现中意的良马。一天,伯乐从齐国,在路上,看到一匹马拉着盐车,很吃力地在陡坡上行进。马累得呼呼喘气,每迈一步都十分艰难。伯乐对马向来亲近,不由走到跟前。马见伯乐走近,突然昂起头来瞪大眼睛,大声嘶鸣,好像要对伯乐倾诉什么。伯乐立刻从声音中判断出,这是一匹难得的骏马。

伯乐对驾车的人说:“这匹马在疆场上驰骋,任何马都比不过它;但用来拉车,它却不如普通的马。你还是把它卖给我吧。”

驾车人认为伯乐是个大傻瓜,他觉得这匹马太普通了,拉车没气力,吃得太多,又骨瘦如柴,于是毫不犹豫地同意了。伯乐牵走千里马,直奔楚国。伯乐牵马来到楚王宫,拍拍马的脖颈说:“我给你找到了好主人。”千里马像明白伯乐的意思,抬起前蹄把地面震得咯咯作响,引颈长嘶,声音洪亮,如大钟石磐,直上云霄。楚王听到马嘶声,走出宫外。伯乐指着马说:“大王,我把千里马给您带来了,请仔细观看。”

楚王一见伯乐牵的马瘦得不成样子,认为伯乐愚弄他,有点不高兴,说:“我相信你会看马,才让你买马,可你买的是什么马呀,这马连走路都很困难,能上战场吗?”

伯乐说:“这确实是匹千里马,不过拉了一段车,又喂养不精心,所以看起来很瘦。只要精心喂养,不出半个月,一定会恢复体力。”

楚王一听,有点将信将疑,便命马夫尽心尽力把马喂好,果然,马变得精壮神骏。楚王跨马扬鞭,但觉两耳生风,喘息的功夫,已跑出百里之外。

后来千里马为楚王驰骋沙场立下不少功劳。楚王对伯乐更加敬重了。

天道酬勤

曾国藩是中国历史上最有影响的人物之一,然他小时候的天赋却不高。有一天在家读书,对一篇文章重复不知道多少遍了,还在朗读,因为,他还没有背下来。这时候他家来了一个贼,潜伏在他的屋檐下,希望等读书人睡觉之后捞点好处。可是等啊等,就是不见他睡觉,还是翻来复去地读那篇文章。贼人大怒,跳出来说,“这种水平读什么书?”

然后将那文章背诵一遍,扬长而去!贼人是很聪明,至少比曾先生要聪明,但是他只能成为贼,而曾先生却成为毛泽东主席都钦佩的人:“近代最有大本夫源的人。”“勤能补拙是良训,一分辛苦一分才。”那贼的记忆力真好,听过几遍的`文章都能背下来,而且很勇敢,见别人不睡觉居然可以跳出来“大怒”,教训曾先生之后,还要背书,扬长而去。但是遗憾的是,他名不见经传,曾先生后来启用了一大批人才,按说这位贼人与曾先生有一面之交,大可去施展一二,可惜,他的天赋没有加上勤奋,变得不知所终。

“天道酬勤”这个成语的意思是:上天偏爱于勤奋的人们,付出的努力一定会有所回报,也说明了机遇和灵感往往只光顾有准备的头脑,只垂青于孜孜以求的勤勉者。指一分耕耘,一分收获,是指古今中外所称道的多劳多得。

出处:出自 《论语》 的“天道”即“天意”“酬”即酬谢、厚报的意思“勤”即勤奋、敬业的意思,就是说“天意厚报那些勤劳、勤奋的人”。

造句:只要辛勤努力,就不信没有天道酬勤的道理。你要相信天道酬勤,所以好好努力吧。

陶侃故事二则

侃①性敏恭勤,终日敛膝危坐,军府②众事,检摄③无遗,未尝少闲。常语人曰:“大禹圣人,乃惜寸阴,至于众人,当惜分阴。岂可但逸游荒醉?生无益于时,死无闻于后,是自弃也!”

陶侃尝出游,见人持一把未熟稻,侃问:“用此何为?”人云:“行道所见,聊④取之耳。”侃大怒曰:“汝既不田,而戏贼人稻!”执而鞭之。是以百姓勤于农植,家给人足。

注:①侃:读kǎn,即陶侃,晋朝江西鄱阳人,出身贫寒,由督邮做到大将军;②军府:即军中府中。

③检摄:检查管理;④聊:略微的意思。

9.对下面句子朗读节奏划分正确的一项是( )(2分)

A. 是/以百姓勤于农植,家给人足。 B. 是以/百姓勤于农植,家给人足。

C. 是以百姓/勤于农植,家给人足。 D. 是以百姓勤/于农植,家给人足。

10.解释文中加点词的'意思。(2分)

(1)语( ) (2)田( )

11.翻译文中画线句子。(2分)

12.从这两则故事中,我们可以看出陶侃是个怎样的人?(2分)

13.分别用一句话说说你从上述两则故事中获得的启示。(2分)

9.B(2分) 10.(1)告诉;对……说。(2)名词动用,种田。(每词各1分,共2分)

11. 怎能只游乐纵酒活着的时候对当代没有益处,死了也不能给后世留名,这是自己糟踏自己啊!(2分)

12.陶侃是个(天资聪慧,勤政为官,珍惜光阴,爱护庄稼,体恤百姓,严格执法等)的人。(每答对一点给0.5分,共2分)

13.示例:1.珍惜分分秒秒时间,不虚度光阴,努力学习文化科学知识,为长大后建设祖国学好本领;

2.应该爱惜庄稼,珍惜别人的劳动成果。……

(答案不唯一,只要能与原文内容有关,言之成理即可。答对一条给1分,共2分)

【译文】

陶侃生性聪慧敏捷,恭敬有礼,为官勤恳,整天盘着腿,身腰端正地坐着。军中府中众多的事情,自上而下去检查管理,没有遗漏,不曾有片刻清闲。他常对人说:“大禹是圣人,还十分珍惜时间;至于普通人则更应该珍惜分分秒秒的时间,怎能只游乐纵酒活着的时候对当代没有益处,死了也不能给后世留名,这是自己糟踏自己啊!

陶侃曾经到郊外

去游览,看到一个人拿着一把未熟的稻穗,陶侃问:“拿这些东西干什么?”那人说:“走在路上我看见它,顺便拿了一点稻子。”陶侃大怒说:“你既然不种田,竟然还偷玩人家的稻子!”就把那人抓起来,抽了一顿鞭子。因此老百姓都勤恳耕种,家家生活宽裕,人人丰衣足食。

完璧归赵

He Shi Presents a Piece of Jade和氏献璧

One day, a man named He Shi of the State of Chu got a piece of uncarved jade in a hill. He quickly went to present it to King Li of the State of Chu. King Li asked a jade craftsman to appraise it. The jade craftsman said:

一天,有个名叫“和氏”的楚国人,在一座山里得到一块没有雕琢过的玉石,连忙拿去献给楚厉王。厉王叫玉匠鉴定,玉匠说:

"This is a piece of ordinary stone."

“这是一块普通的石头。”

King Li believed that He Shi had deceived him and felt very angry. He had He Shi's left foot cut off.

厉王认为和氏欺骗了他,非常气愤,就砍掉了和氏的左脚。

After King Li died, King Wu became the king. Again He Shi took this piece of jade to present it to King Wu. King Wu asked a jade craftsman to appraise it. The jade craftsman also said:

厉王死后,武王当了国王。和氏又拿着这块玉石去献给武王。武王叫玉匠鉴定,玉匠说:

"This is a piece of ordinary stone."

“这是一块普通的石头。”

King Wu believed that He Shi had deceived him and had He Shi's right foot cut off.

武王认为和氏欺骗了他,就砍掉了他的右脚。

After King Wu died, King Wen succeeded to the throne. He Shi sat at the foot of the hill, held the piece of jade in his hands and wept. He wept for three days and three nights until his tears dried up and his eyes bled. When King Wen heard of this, he sent someone to ask He Shi:

武王死后,文王当了国王。和氏抱着那块玉石,坐在那座山的山脚下哭泣,一连哭了三天三夜,哭干了眼泪,连血都哭出来了。文王听说后,就派人去问和氏:

"Many people in the world have had their feet cut off. Why do you weep so broken-heartedly?"

“天下被砍去脚的人很多,你为什么哭得这样伤心呢?”

He Shi answered:

和氏回答说:

"I am not weeping for losing both my feet. I am broken-hearted because the King takes the jade for a piece of stone, and my loyalty for deceit."

“我不是因为失去双脚而哭泣,而是因为国王把宝石当做石头,把忠诚说成欺骗,所以才这样伤心。”

After King Wen heard this, he sent for a jade craftsman and ordered him to chisel open the jade. Sure enough it was a piece of genuine jade. Thus King Wen of Chu named it "He Shi Jade".

文王听了和氏的话后,就派人把玉匠找来,命令玉匠把玉石凿开,一看果然是一块真的玉石。楚文王就把这块玉石命名为“和氏璧”。

视石为宝

In ancient times, a man of the State of Song picked up a stone in Linzi. He examined it over and over and regarded it as a treasure. He quickly took it home, wrapped it up in dozens of silk layers, then put it in a leather box. But he still felt uneasy, so he covered the box with dozens of boxes.

古代,宋国有个人在临淄拾到了一块石头。他左看右看,认为这是一件宝贝,急忙拿回家去,用丝绢包了起来。包了一层又一层,一连包了几十层,才把它放进皮匣子。但是,他还不放心,在匣子外面又套上匣子,一连套了几十只。

When a man who could identify treasures heard of this, he went at once to this man and asked to have a look at the treasure.

有个识宝的人,一听到这个消息,就马上到他那里,请求看一看这件宝贝。

To be prudent, this man of Song took a bath, burned incense, cleansed his mind, calmed his mood, and went in for self- cultivation for seven days. Then be put on ceremonial robes, respectfully took out the box, and carefully took the stone out of the box.

那个宋国人,为了慎重起见,熏香沐浴,清心静气,修养了七天,然后穿上大礼服,恭恭敬敬地请出匣子,小心翼翼地把那块石头从匣子里取出来。

When the man who knew about treasures saw it, he nearly burst into laughter, but quickly covered his mouth with his hand. He whispered close to the other's ear:"This is a piece of stone, as worthless as a tile."

那个识宝的'人看了,差一点儿笑出声来,连忙用手捂住了嘴巴,贴近他的耳朵,轻轻地告诉他说:“这是一块石头,跟瓦片一样一钱不值!”

The man of Song thought the man who knew about treasures was envious of him and trying to cheat him. Much displeased, he said:

宋国人认为这个识宝的人嫉妒他,在骗他,心里很不高兴,他说:

"Merchants always say others' wares are worthless, and doctors always say patients' illnesses are very serious, so that they themselves can make more money. I will not be fooled!"

“做生意的人,总是把别人的货色说得一钱不值;做医生的人,总是把病人的毛病说得非常危险。这都是为了自己可以多赚几个钱。我可不上这个当!”